A vajra song supplicating the early Dagpo Kagyu masters while expressing aspirations for realization through the luminous Mahāmudrā path. The Drop of Spring: A Spontaneous Vajra Song of Definitive Meaning That Supplicates the Great Charioteers of the Luminous Mahāmudrā A ho! Conjoining the pristine primordial wisdom free of elaborations With the youthfulness of luminous great bliss, You attained union endowed with the supreme of all aspects and bear the major and minor marks of perfect accomplishment. Great Buddha Vajradhara, I long for you from the center of my heart— Bless me to realize the unborn true nature! Vajra Queen, devourer of the three existences, with your magical illusions You bring the fortunate to a banquet of the two accomplishments And experientially reveal the naturally liberated truth of the fundamental nature. Chief of the primordial wisdom ḍākinīs, I long for you from the center of my heart— Bless me to accomplish the unchanging supreme bliss! Displaying the drop of the primordially changeless nature of reality [365] As a playful emanation of the three seats of phenomena, You bestowed the short path of the ultimate secret yoga to the fortunate. Tilopa Prajñābhadra, [ 1 ] I long for you from the center of my heart— Bless me to realize the transcendent continuum! By the marvelous chariot of eighty-two challenging deeds, You approached the lotus feet of the presiding lord, the glorious guru, And attained the precious qualities of the stages and paths in a single moment. Reverend Lord Nāropa, [ 2 ] I long for you from the center of my heart— Bless me to obtain the nectar of maturation and liberation! The flowers of the secret tantras blossom in the ocean-like multitudes of teachings and practices; By tapping them to extract the honey-like nectar of the essential pith instructions, You introduced the intelligent to the restfulness of the supreme adepts. Yogin Marpa the Translator, [ 3 ] I long for you from the center of my heart— Bless me to realize the innate primordial wisdom! Driven by the wind of an intense and genuine determination to be free, You firmly secured yourself to the boat of the true nature, inner suchness, And crossed to the other shore of the ocean of existence and peace. Mila Zhepe Dorje, [ 4 ] I long for you from the center of my heart— Bless me to reach the ultimate goal in one life! Outwardly, you are a spiritual friend of the Mahāyāna fully trained in bodhicitta; Inwardly, you are a practitioner of the Vajrayāna treading the path of maturation and liberation; Secretly, you are the crown jewel of the doctrine holders of the essential [366] profound meaning. Dharma King Da Ö Zhönu, [ 5 ] I long for you from the center of my heart— Bless me so that the two benefits are accomplished spontaneously! In short, the beacons of the aural lineage of the ultimate and swift path Introduce all beings of the Land of Snow to the light of liberation And guide all with whom they have connections to the greatly blissful city of the three kāyas. Gurus of the Dagpo Kagyu of natural liberation, I long for you from the center of my heart— Bless me to realize all that is perceived as illusory! A ho! Although I have obtained the difficult to attain, the free and well-favored precious human body, I am disheartened at the way things appear to be—momentary and impermanent. Through the realization that wherever I am born in saṃsāra is naturally suffering— Bless me with the capacity to accept or reject cause and effect! Recognizing abodes, friends, and possessions to be a play of illusion, I deeply recall the revulsion toward insignificant things, come what may. In a cave of extreme isolation, under an overhanging cliff in a pleasing environment— Bless me to strive single-pointedly in practice! To accept the Three Jewels as the foremost refuge, To train in supreme bodhicitta both in aspiration and in deed, And to utterly expel all obscurations by utilizing the four powers— Bless me to achieve these goals and to endeavor on the path of the two accumulations! In particular, the embodiment of all the victors of the three times, The bodily display of [367] omniscient primordial wisdom, The presiding lord, the glorious guru possessing the three-fold kindness— Bless me to perfect uncontrived devotion! By the guru’s power, the empowerment that transfers vajra wisdom Purifies the three doors equally of all habitual tendencies of transference, [ 6 ] And one directly perceives the ultimate and unchanging, true fundamental nature— Bless me to liberate saṃsāra and nirvāṇa into the central channel! The form, arisen from the essence that is the same as emptiness, Perceiving it as the union of appearance and emptiness, the body of the deity, Firmly binds common delusory concepts— Bless me to cultivate the excellent path of the creation stage! By being saturated with the nectar of the three kinds of training, I have accomplished the union of all winds that enter, abide, and arise, And become familiar with the outer, inner, and secret yoga of inner heat— Bless me in my blazing, dripping, and dissolving in the central channel! [ 7 ] Resting in the actual primordial wisdom of near attainment during equipoise And perceiving all things as the eight similes of illusion [ 8 ] during subsequent cognition Familiarizes one with the illusory clarity-emptiness, pure and devoid of clinging— Bless me to accomplish the level of union! Having entered the luminosity of supreme bliss through complete or subsequent dissolution And conjoined it [368] with the essence of the four empties in an experience of equality, Everything is liberated into the space of the vajra mind of perfect accomplishment— Bless me to dissolve into the dharmakāya of death! Holding the wind and mind inseparably in the drop of the throat And viewing daytime appearances as only the entering and emerging of dreams, Conjoin one with the practice that recognizes derivative delusion for what it is— Bless me to master purification, multiplication, emanation, and transformation! [ 9 ] Familiarizing myself with the view that sees all phenomena as the unreal appearances of the intermediate state, The direct cause of being able to see those appearances as deity, mantra, and dharmakāya Merges the intermediate state with the level of the saṃbhogakāya— Bless me to achieve the supreme attainment! Although the ultimate is beyond elaborate characteristics, such as coming and going, Conventionally, by relying upon a messenger of yogic breath practice, The wind, mind, and drop are ejected into the space of the dhūti [ 10 ] — Bless me to attain the unerring Khecara ! [ 11 ] The meditative absorption of calm-abiding abandons all coarse and subtle concepts. When magnificently perfected, it is like a placid ocean. By embracing it with the insight of the inexpressible and self-arisen true nature— Bless me to realize their inseparable union! One-pointedness is remaining in a state of clarity-emptiness in the yoga of visionary experiences. Freedom from elaborations is realizing the original fundamental nature upon the path of seeing. One taste is being free from abandoning, adopting, denying, and affirming— Bless me to secure these along with the fourth, the stronghold of non-meditation! Through familiarizing myself with primordially innate, unchanging great bliss— The indivisible E and VAM, the drop of spring— And by introducing the indicative wisdom as the uncovered, true primordial wisdom— Bless me to perceive the definitive meaning of Mahāmudrā! Accordingly, by relying upon the vajra yogas of the swift path And maintaining my commitments and vows in a faultless form During the experiences of this life, at the time of death, and in the intermediate state— Bless me to achieve the level of the three kāyas! If the power of karma causes me to enter existence, Bless me to be born into the sharp-witted Vajrayāna family, And with songs intoxicated with the nectar of maturation and liberation— Bless me to proceed to the cities of accomplishment! In this way, with resolute respect, a supplicating song of the definitive meaning Was sung with a lotus-like and pleasing voice that is free of attachment On the twenty-fifth day during the waning phase when the heroes and ḍākinīs assembled To make an aspiration prayer to realize transcendent luminosity. COLOPHON This supplication to the great masters who attained accomplishment through the path of the luminous Mahāmudrā in conjunction with aspirational prayers of the profound path was freely composed by the renunciate beggar called Tsuglak Mawé Nyima [ 12 ] on the twenty-fifth day under the light of a butter lamp near the glorious Taklung Monastery. [ 13 ] Siddhirastu! [ 14 ] NOTES The Drop of Spring is a vajra song that invokes the Dagpo Kagyu Mahāmudrā lineage, recounts a brief tale of each of this tradition’s earliest masters, and requests inspiration to complete the path of awakening. According to the colophon, Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo composed this text spontaneously while seated near a butter lamp just outside Taklung Monastery. The song is divided into two main sections: lineage supplications and aspirations. The lineage supplicated is comprised of the earliest Mahāmudrā masters of the Dagpo Kagyu. Each stanza contains a vignette of a master, followed by Khyentse Wangpo’s heart-filled request for that master’s blessing. The aspirations begin with the four thoughts that turn the mind to the Buddhist teachings: precious human birth, impermanence, suffering, and causality. Toward the end of the aspirations, Khyentse Wangpo sings about the foundations of the Vajrayāna path and the special practices of Mahāmudrā. [1] te lo pa, 988–1069, BDRC P4024 [2] nA ro pa, 1012/1016–1100, BDRC P3085 [3] mar pa lo tsA ba chos kyi blo gros, 1012?–1097, BDRC P2636 [4] Milarepa (mi la bzhad pa’i rdo rje, 1040–1123, BDRC P1853 ) [5] Gampopa (dwags po zla ’od gzhon nu, 1079–1153, BDRC P1844 ) [6] “Habitual tendencies of transference” has a range of meaning but generally refers to the “transference of the elements during union.” For an extensive explanation, see Padmasambhava, The Light of Wisdom , Vol. 2, 281, n. 204. [7] The “yoga of inner heat” is a reference to tummo ( gtum mo ) practice. [8] The “eight similes” are that phenomena are like: (1) a dream, (2) an illusion, (3) an optical illusion, (4) a mirage, (5) a reflection of the moon in water, (6) an echo, (7) the City of the Gandharvas, and (8) a phantom. For more detail, see The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism , entry on the “Eight Similes of Illusion” in the “List of Lists,” 73. [9] This stanza alludes to the practice of dream-state illusion, a subset of the illusory-body practice of the Six Yogas. During this method, the practitioner enacts specific processes to recognize appearances have the exact nature of dreams, identify dream phenomena, stabilize the clarity of dream states, and manipulate these experiences. The final line of “purification, multiplication, emanation, and transformation” succinctly points to such skillful means. For a detailed explanation and secondary reading, see Jamgön Kongtrul, The Elements of Tantric Practice , 163 and 345, n. 51. [10] The Sanskrit term dhūti refers to the central channel. [11] Khecara ( mkha’ spyod ) is first and foremost a highly purified experience connected with spiritual accomplishments ( dngos grub , siddhi ) in Buddhist tantra. It is a manifestation in which one’s realization is a completely pure realm. Endowed with eight qualities, such as subtly of form, the higher classification of Khecara is an utterly pure realm where one can further train on the path. Associated with the realm of form, the god realm, and the human realm, this lesser state can be reached through meditative abilities or by yakṣī or siddha guides. For further reading on the topic, see Jamgön Kongtrul, Journey and Goal , 346–348. [12] Academic Nyima, or Tsuglak Mawé Nyima (gtsug lag smra ba’i nyi ma), is one of the pen names of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (’jam dbyangs mkhyen brtse’i dbang po, 1820–1892), BDRC P258 . [13] Taklung Gönchen (stag lung dgon chen, BDRC G67 ) [14] "Let there be success!" Published: April 2022 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License . Originally published for Khyentse Vision Project Photo credit: Himalayan Art Resources BIBLIOGRAPHY mkhyen brtse'i dbang po. 2014. ’od gsal phyag rgya chen po’i shing rta chen po rnams la gsol ba ’debs pa’i rdo rje’i thol glu nges don dpyid kyi thig le. In gsung ’bum/_mkhyen brtse’i dbang po, vol. 22 (za), 364.3–369.6. khams sde dge rdzong sar dgon: rdzong sar blo gros phun tshogs. BDRC W3PD1002 ———. 2013. ’od gsal phyag rgya chen po’i shing rta chen po rnams la gsol ba ’debs pa’i rdo rje’i thol glu nges don dpyid kyi thig le. In mkhyen brtse'i bka' babs, vol. 2 (kha) 167.1–174.3. dkar mdzes bod rigs rang skyong khul sde dge rdzong: rdzong sar khams bye’i slob gling. BDRC MW4PD2082 Secondary: Buswell Jr, Robert E. and Donald S. Lopez Jr, eds. The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014. Jamgön Kongtrul Lodrö Tayé. Journey and Goal: An Analysis of the Spiritual Path and Levels to Be Traversed and the Consummate Fruition State . In The Treasury of Knowledge, Books Nine and Ten . Translated by Kalu Rinpoché Translation Group. Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion Publications, 2011. ———. The Elements of Tantric Practice: A General Exposition of the Process of Meditation in the Indestructible Way of Secret Mantra . In The Treasury of Knowledge, Book Eight, Part Three . Translated by Kalu Rinpoché Translation Group. Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion Publications, 2008. Jamgön Mipham Rinpoche. Gateway to Knowledge: The Treatise Entitled the Gate for Entering the Way of a Paṇḍita, Vol. III . Translated by Erik Pema Kunsang. Boudhanath: Rangjung Yeshe Publications, 2002. Padmasambhava and Jamgön Kongtrül. The Light of Wisdom, Vol. 2 . Translated by Erik Pema Kunsang. Boudhanath: Rangjung Yeshe Publications, 1999 Abstract The Drop of Spring inspires us by supplicating the early Dagpo Kagyu lineage and making aspirational prayers on the path of the luminous Mahāmudrā. BDRC LINK W3PD1002 DOWNLOAD TRANSLATION GO TO TRANSLATION LISTEN TO AUDIO 00:00 / 10:15 TRADITION Sakya Nyingma Marpa Kagyu INCARNATION LINE Dzogchen Khyentse Dzongsar Khyentse Beru Khyentse Dilgo Khyentse Pagchok Khyentse PREVIOUS & SUBSEQUENT INCARNATIONS Jigme Lingpa The Forty-Fourth Ngor Khenchen, Jampa Namkha Chimé Subsequent Incarnations Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö Karma Jamyang Khyentse Özer Dilgo Khyentse Tashi Peljor The Third Dzongsar Khyentse, Khyentse Norbu The First Dzogchen Khyentse, Guru Tsewang HISTORICAL PERIOD 19th Century TRANSLATOR Tib Shelf STUDENTS Jampa Tenzin Khamnyön Dharma Senge Khenchen Tashi Özer The Fourth Zhechen Gyaltsab, Gyurme Pema Namgyal Mipam Gyatso Jamgön Kongtrul Lodrö Taye Ngorpa Pönlob Loter Wangpo Dongkam Tulku, Ngawang Damchö Gyatso The Fifteenth Karmapa, Khakhyab Dorje Śākya Śrī The Fifth Dzogchen Drubwang, Tubten Chökyi Dorje Gatön Ngawang Legpa Karma Ngedön Tengye Tashi Rinchen Orgyen Tenzin Norbu The Second Dzaka Chogtrul Kunzang Namgyal The First Adzom Drugpa, Drodul Pawo Dorje Khenchen Tubten Gyaltsen Özer Jamyang Sherab Chökyi Nangwa The First Gyatrul, Dongak Tenzin Rigzin Gargyi Wangchuk Khenchen Tsewang Rigzin Tubten Legshe Zangpo Kunga Jampal Drakpa The Eighth Dzamtang Chöje, Mipam Chökyi Jampa Jamyang Dragpa Pema Tegchok Loden The Fifth Zhechen Rabjam, Pema Tegchok Tenpe Gyaltsen Nyoshul Lungtok Tenpe Gyaltsen Ayu Khandro Dorje Paldrön Minyak Kunzang Sönam Kunzang Gyurme Palden Chimé Takpe Dorje Chokgyur Lingpa Kunga Palden The Sixty-Fifth Ngor Khenchen, Dampa Rinpoche Ngawang Lodrö Zhenpen Nyingpo Ngawang Nyima Könchok Paldrön Ngawang Jampal Rinchen INSTITUTIONS Mindröling Ngor Ewaṃ Chöden Dzongsar Dzongshö Rongme Karmo Taktsang Khawa Karpo Pema Shelpuk TEACHERS Gelong Tubten Dröltön Jamyang Chögyan Kagyu Trinle Wangchuk The Fourth Dzogchen Drubwang, Mingyur Namkhe Dorje Könchok Tenpa Rabgye Yeshe Döndrub Tenpe Gyaltsen Gyurme Tutob Namgyal Chokgyur Lingpa Gyelse Zhenpen Taye Özer Pema Dudul Wangchuk Dorje Rinchen Zhalu Losal Tenkyong The Fourth Zimok, Jampa Tenzin Nyendrak Minling Jetsun Trinle Chödrön The Eighth Chagzam, Khyenrab Tutob Kachen Lobzang Gelek Khenpo Damchö Özer The Forty-Seventh Ngor Khenchen, Jampa Kunga Tenzin The Second Mogtsa, Chöying Dorje Khengen Rigzin Gyatso The First Gyatrul, Dongak Tenzin Pema Vajra Taklung Trirab Ngawang Tenpe Nyima Sakya Yabje Kunga Rinchen Jigme Gyalwe Nyugu Ngawang Namgyal AUTHOR Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo The Drop of Spring: A Spontaneous Vajra Song of Definitive Meaning That Supplicates the Great Charioteers of the Luminous Mahāmudrā VIEW ALL PUBLICATIONS NEXT PUBLICATION > < PREVIOUS PUBLICATION Home Publications Read Listen Watch People Information About Meet the Team Services Translators Terms of Use Privacy Policy Donate Subscribe to our newsletter Support Tib Shelf's ongoing work & Subscribe Today! Name * Email* Submit Tib Shelf is a not-for-profit organisation dedicated to translating, presenting and preserving primary source Tibetan texts across a vast array of genres and time periods. We make these literary treasures accessible to readers worldwide, offering a unique window into Tibet's rich history, culture and traditions. Tib Shelf has been accredited by the British Library with the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2754–1495 CONTACT US | SHELVES@TIBSHELF.ORG © 2024 Tib Shelf. All rights reserved.

A mysterious letter from the Ninth Paṇchen Lama's secretary to Hotoktu Rinpoche, now preserved in a French private collection - its acquisition history remains unknown. A Letter to Hotoktu Rinpoche I offer this at the feet of the incomparable glorious protector of the doctrine and beings, the venerable lord and excellent being, Hotoktu Rinpoche. [ 1 ] In these exceedingly virtuous times, I [hope] your supreme body, the singular eddy flowing from the pure conduct of your primordial and immense resolve to attain enlightenment and the source of precious jewels, is entirely brilliant. Moreover, the garland of your incomparable, marvellous deeds brings about the benefit and welfare of the teachings and beings in an all-pervasive manner, as if it is rising to the summit of existence. We are grateful for your loving care! I am also well, both mentally and physically. We humbly request that the precious emanation of the supreme protector, [the Paṇchen Lama], take up all the lifestyles of previous reincarnations and diligently engage in studying and conducting deeds beneficial for religious and secular matters. The main point of this letter is connected with an enquiry made by the head personal attendant Nomin Han . [ 2 ] Here, we have made good preparations for the long-life offering to the refuge protectors, victorious lords, father and son (the Paṇchen Lama and the Dalai Lama) and to serve and venerate the sangha. However, it has not been possible to obtain permission to do this in the last three years. Hence, [the Panchen Lama], like a thirsty person desires water, very much wishes to visit you. However, in addition to his old age, recently, from the beginning of the second month, he has developed an illness that is combined with phlegm, blood pressure, and bo disease. [ 3 ] It is increasingly worsening. Not only that, but the divination that was conducted last year indicated that the obstacles of his sixty-second year would be significant. This divination also indicated that there would be a slightly greater obstacle on the way. Subsequently, we do not have the hope that he will recover for a while or for you both to come together. At this time, the treasurer, master, and servants were specially delegated to offer gifts without delay to everyone, especially the government, in reciprocity with the gifts received. Apart from that, we have no choice but to take leave for a few years until his health is completely restored. Also, as the head personal attendant himself has [already] sent a separate detailed letter requesting permission to serve you, the Excellent Protector, when you come to Tibet, if you are definitely going to come, I hope his request will be answered with a positive result. Please keep us informed of your visit and, as per your wishes, we can choose and appoint suitable and new personal attendants. Please keep [these words] in the deep expanse of your mind. In the future, for the excellent benefit of the doctrine and beings, please spontaneously establish your precious feet in the everlasting nature. Moreover, may your enlightened resolve and beneficial activities be even better than before, and from that state, may you also keep your compassionate deeds uninterrupted like the Ganges river. I send this request and my regards along with a pair of ceremonial scarfs. [ 4 ] Sent on an auspicious date. COLOPHON None NOTES [1] If the letter is from the secretary of the Ninth Paṇchen Lama, then Hotoktu Rinpoche is khal kha rje btsun dam pa 08 ngag dbang blo bzang chos kyi nyi ma, or rje btsun dam pa ho thog thu rin po che, 1870/1871–1923/1924, BDRC P4945 [2] byabs khrus mkhan po no min han [3] 'bo nad [4] lha rdzas Photo Credit: Wikipedia Published: September 2021 BIBLIOGRAPHY paN chen bla ma 09 thub bstan chos kyi nyi ma (purported). Date unknown. Private Collection. London: Tib Shelf W003 Abstract This letter is purportedly from the secretary of the Ninth Paṇchen Lama to Hotoktu Rinpoche. It was purchased and is now conserved in a private collection in France. The means of the initial acquisition is unknown. We are happy to receive any information concerning this letter. TIB SHELF W003 DOWNLOAD TRANSLATION GO TO TRANSLATION LISTEN TO AUDIO 00:00 / 03:35 TRADITION Geluk INCARNATION LINE Paṇchen Lama HISTORICAL PERIOD 19th Century 20th Century TEACHERS The Thirteenth Dalai Lama, Tubten Gyatso Ngawang Tsültrim Dönden Tenzin Wanggyal TRANSLATORS Rachael Griffiths Tib Shelf INSTITUTION Tashilhünpo Monastery STUDENTS Pema Chok Palsangpo The Fifth Jamyang Shepa, Lobsang Jamyang Yeshé Tenpé Gyaltsen Jigme Trinle Gyatso Lobsang Lungtok Jikmé Tenpé Gyaltsen Ngawang Tsültrim Dönden Jigme Tenpé Gyaltsen The Fifth Maṇipa, Lobsang Chöpel Gyatso AUTHORS The Secretary of The Ninth Paṇchen Lama Tubten Chökyi Nyima A Letter to Hotoktu Rinpoche VIEW ALL PUBLICATIONS NEXT PUBLICATION > < PREVIOUS PUBLICATION Home Publications Read Listen Watch People Information About Meet the Team Services Translators Terms of Use Privacy Policy Donate Subscribe to our newsletter Support Tib Shelf's ongoing work & Subscribe Today! Name * Email* Submit Tib Shelf is a not-for-profit organisation dedicated to translating, presenting and preserving primary source Tibetan texts across a vast array of genres and time periods. We make these literary treasures accessible to readers worldwide, offering a unique window into Tibet's rich history, culture and traditions. Tib Shelf has been accredited by the British Library with the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2754–1495 CONTACT US | SHELVES@TIBSHELF.ORG © 2024 Tib Shelf. All rights reserved.

Treasure revealer and Rimé master Khyungtrul Pema Trinle Gyatso's life story draws from his autobiography and oral accounts, revealing his significant impact on nineteenth-century Kham Buddhism. The Biography of Khyungtrul Pema Trinle Gyatso Khyungtrul Pema Trinle Gyatso, [ 1 ] commonly known as Khyungtrul Rinpoche, was born nearby the shaded side of the [Kyangtang Khampa] Mountain [ 2 ] in the Evaṃ Valley of Drongpa Meshung, [ 3 ] Nangchen, Kham in 1886, the Fire, Dog year of the fifteenth sexagenary cycle. His father was named Mipam Tsöndru of the Jo [clan] and his mother Adroza Deden Tso. [ 4 ] His father was a direct disciple of Drubchen Ngawang Tsoknyi [ 5 ] the mantra holder, who attained accomplishment through the practice of Palden Lhamo Dusölma . [ 6 ] Shortly after his birth, Khyungtrul met the Fifteenth Karmapa, Khakyab Dorje, [ 7 ] who performed the hair-cutting ceremony. Furthermore, he accepted the Three Jewels, received the vows of a lay disciple, [ 8 ] and was given the name Karma Gyatso. The Karmapa described how the child was a reincarnation of a great being and made a prediction that the boy was undoubtedly going to be a person who would benefit sentient beings and teachings in the times yet to come. At the age of five, his parents took him on a pilgrimage to meet lamas in eastern Kham. In Degé he met and received teachings from Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, [ 9 ] who was at that time performing his last religious activity at Dzongsar Monastery [ 10 ] before passing into peace. He also received many important teachings, such as empowerments, transmissions, and instructions, from Jamgön Kongtrul Rinpoche at Palpung Monastery [ 11 ] in Degé. After a successful pilgrimage to all the monasteries and sacred sites in the Degé, Kham, Khyungtrul returned home with his parents. His father took responsibility for his own father’s monastery, Druk Heru Monastery, [ 12 ] [which comes under the management of Trulshik Monastery, [ 13 ] the main Drukpa Kagyu seat in Nangchen]. Later, due to his realization in the practice of Palden Lhamo Dusölma , his father was appointed as the lama of the protector’s temple at Trulshik Monastery. Khyungtrul spent the next couple of years at Trulshik Monastery with his parents. During his time at Trulshik Monastery, even though he was very young, there were several marvelous signs that occurred, such as possessing a symbolically scripted inventory of treasures, indiscriminately extracting a variety of treasure-like substances, and receiving prophecies of the ḍākinīs. However, his father kept them secret and forbade revealing them [to the public], stating that they were insignificant. [Unfortunately], his father passed away when he was just seventeen years old, and he performed the funeral rites in a proper manner. Until he was nineteen, Khyungtrul spent most of his time at his personal Heru Monastery in addition to Trülshik Monastery where he received empowerments and instructions from Satrul Rigzin Chögyal [ 14 ] and other Drukpa Kagyu masters. He diligently trained in the rituals of his tradition, the Drukpa Kagyu. At the age of nineteen, Khyungtrul once again went back to Degé, Kham where he entered Dzogchen Monastery. [ 15 ] There he took full ordination from the Fifth Dzogtrul Tubten Chökyi Dorje [ 16 ] and received the name Tubten Chöpal Gyatso. From Gyalse Jampa Taye, Tubten Chökyi Nangwa, [ 17 ] and others, he received oral transmission of the Kangyur (Translated Words of the Buddha) and such teachings as the Bodhicaryāvatāra ( A Guide to the Bodhisattva’s Way of Life ) and Kunsang Lame Shalung ( The Words of My Perfect Teacher ), achieving a great understanding of the Mahāyāna. He later went to Palpung Monastery, where under the care and tutelage of Khenchen Tashi Öser [ 18 ] the lord of the extraordinary family, he received bodhisattva vows in accordance with the tradition of Śāntideva the heir of the victors and was named Jamyang Lodrö Gyatso. With Lord Khenchen Tashi Öser, he studied all the sūtra and tantra teachings and received empowerments and instructions. Khenchen identified him outwardly as an embodiment of Gyalwang Dechen Dorje, inwardly as an embodiment of Taksham Nuden Dorje, and secretly as an embodiment of Longchen Rabjam. [ 19 ] Khyungrul also received and studied the sūtras and tantras along with the fields of knowledge from Katok Khen Tubten Gyaltsen, Jamgön Mipam Namgyal Gyatso, Khenpo Shenga, Nesar Karma Tashi Chöphel (one of the three chief disciples of Jamgön Kongtrul), Gyarong Tokden, Choktrul Pema Dechen Sangpo, Jamyang Tashi Rinchen, Katok Situ Chökyi Gyatso, Chokling Terse Tsewang Norbu, [ 20 ] and many other non-sectarian masters. Though this Lord was not said to be an emanation of any particular lama, he was called Khyungtrul because there was nobody who could rival his innate wisdom when he was studying and contemplating. Since everyone was discussing that he was an emanation of an excellent, superior being, he was considered an emanation. In those days the political relationship between Degé and Nangchen was not so friendly. So, for the safety of Khyungtrül, when anyone asked Khenchen about where the emanation was from, he would answer, “The emanation’s place of origin is Khyungpo.” [ 21 ] As a result, being called Khyungtrul in addition to his real name, Pema Trinlé Gyatso, he became widely known as Khyungtrul Pema Trinlé Gyatso. At the age of twenty-five, he began the traditional three-year retreat at the Samten Chöling retreat center of Palpung Tubten Chökhorling Monastery, [ 22 ] during which Karma Tashi Öser the extraordinary lord of the family [ 23 ] and Karma Tonglam [ 24 ] [shared the role of retreat master]. Khyungtrul completely mastered Mahāmudrā, the six yogas of Nāropa, and all other essential Kagyu practices during the retreat. His spiritual practices were so impressive that he was, for a short while, appointed master of the retreat center in accordance with the lama’s command. [ 25 ] [When he turned thirty-three], [ 26 ] he led the life of a renunciant, abandoning everything and practicing meditation at various secluded places, such as Tashi Palri, [ 27 ] Pema Shelphuk, [ 28 ] and Karmo Taktsang [ 29 ] and eventually left for his homeland. On the way back home, he visited Netan Chokling Monastery Gyurme Ling, met the Second Cholking, Pema Gyurme Tekchok Tenpel, [ 30 ] and received many teachings, such as the Chokling treasure teachings, empowerments, transmissions, and instructions from him. He subsequently visited Kham Riwo Monastery, Dilyak Monastery, and Jang Tana Monastery [ 31 ] where he received a grand welcome and gave instructional teachings and maturing empowerments. After returning to his homeland, Khyungtrul stayed at Druk Vaṃlung Monastery [ 32 ] for a while and turned the wheel of the teachings for his karmically fortunate followers. Since he was a treasure revealer and particularly an accomplished practitioner of the profound secret mantra, there were requisites for him, such as relying on the mudrā of another’s body, so he took Tanaza Rigzin Drölma [ 33 ] as a consort. However, some ordinary people [from his homeland] objected and disapproved of his taking a consort and criticized him explicitly and implicitly. As a result, Khyungtrul Rinpoché decided to leave his homeland for a period to embark on a pilgrimage to U-Tsang with his secret consort Tanaza Rigzin Drölma. He remained in U-Tsang for many years, visiting various sacred sites, practicing meditation at sacred places of Guru [Rinpoche], such as Samye Chimpu, [ 34 ] and composing many treatises and songs of realization. He conducted many religious activities while in Lhasa, including giving the empowerment and transmission of the Rinchen Terdzö (The Treasury of Precious Revealed Scriptures). [ 35 ] Then he returned to his homeland, and at his Druk Heru Monastery, he expanded the assembly hall and other areas and rebuilt temples and shrines. Thereafter, it received the name Heru Ngedön Sangngak Chökhorling. He also built his residence named Changlochen [ 36 ] and the Secret Mantra Palace meditation hall and stayed there regularly. There the teachings of scholars and adepts pervaded in all directions, and he constantly turned the wheel of the teachings to unfathomable assemblies of disciples and emanations—chiefly the lamas and emanations of the non-sectarian movement. Sometimes he traveled to other regions to give empowerments and teachings. He conferred the empowerment and transmission of the Rinchen Terdzö at Netan Monastery in Chimé and Shakchö Monastery in Khyungpo, [ 37 ] the empowerment and transmission of the Damngak Dzö (The Treasury of Precious Instructions) at Tsangsar Monastery, [ 38 ] and the empowerment of the Kagyu Ngakdzö (The Treasury of Kagyu Mantras) at Rago Tsokha Monastery. [ 39 ] There were many other empowerments, transmissions, instructions that he gave at Sertsa Tashi Ling Monastery [of the Bön tradition] and Tsangsar Lakhyab Monastery. [ 40 ] He also stayed at Jang Tana Monastery, the monastic seat of Drogön Yelpa for a long time, properly supporting the Yelpa teachings. In short, he was a lama of the non-sectarian movement of the philosophies of the Sakya, Geluk, Kagyu, Nyingma, and Yungdrung Bön; all revered him as a boundless superior being. Accordingly, having accomplished the benefit of self and others, Khyungtrül Pema Trinlé Gyatso passed away at the age of sixty-three on the eighteenth day of the Month of Miracles (the first month) of Earth, Bird year, 1948, at Tana Monastery. It was exactly on that day when Drogön Sangyé Yelpa passed away. [ 41 ] When Khyungtrul passed away, there were many astonishing signs, which once again established the disciples into a place of faith. His main disciples were his son Pema Gyurme, Kongtrul Lodrö Rabpel, Tsangsar Lodrö Rinchen [of the Barom Kagyu], Tana Penpa Tulku, Tana Drubgyu Tulku, Suru Jokhyab, etc. [ 42 ] There were many other disciples with whom he had a spiritual connection, such as [the Eighth] Adeu Rinpoche Drubrik Khyuchok, the [Ninth] Benchen Sangye Nyenpa, Dilyak Dabsang, Japa Sangye Tenzin, the [Eleventh] Situ Pema Wangchuk Gyalpo, [ 43 ] the Second Chokling, and many others. He had such a great assembly of students that there were almost none of the great lamas of his time who did not have a lama-disciple relationship with him. Among the chief disciples: his son Pema Gyurme was the main lineage holder of both his family lineage and teachings. He was a sovereign of loving-kindness and compassion, a vegetarian, a realized yogin intent upon the profound meaning, a holder of the fields of knowledge, a holder of his father’s lineage of Karma Garsar calligraphy, a disseminator of his father’s empowerments, transmissions, and instructions, and a preserver of his father’s collected works. For this, I wish to express much gratitude to him. Khyungtrul Pema Trinle Gyatso’s teachings, which are contained in about four volumes, are: Secret Embodiment of the Three Kāyas: Accomplishing the Enlightened Mind of the Guru , The Ocean of the Dohās of the Early Translation Nyingma School , The Ocean of Drukpa Dohā, The Excellent Vase of Nectar from The Grand Ritual of Severance , [ 44 ] instructional manuals on the creation and completion stages, songs of spiritual experience, a large volume of mind treasure teachings, and many other texts. COLOPHON Composed by Khen Orgyen Namgyal NOTES [1] khyung sprul pad+ma phrin las rgya mtsho [2] Khyungtrul’s memoir (rang rnam) mentions e waM lung pa'i d+hU ti'i sbubs/ ri bo me ltar 'bar ba'i zhol as his birthplace. Through personal communication, a resident of Meshung said the name of ri bo me ltar 'bar ba is Kyangtang Khampa (rkyang thang kham pa). [3] Drongpa Meshung ('brong pa rme gzhung) was formally known as Sengshung (seng gzhung), the valley looking like a resting lion, located in Nangchen. [4] 'byo mi pham brtson 'grus and a gro bza' bde ldan mtsho [5] Drubchen Ngawang Tsoknyi (grub chen ngag dbang tshogs gnyis, 1828–1888) was a highly realized mantra holder and Drukpa Kagyu master born in Senge Dzong, Kham, in 1828. His father was Ugyen Gönpo and mother was Drongza Lhamo Dröl. He passed away in 1888. [6] dpal ldan lha mo dus gsol ma [7] kar ma pa 15 mkha' khyab rdo rje, 1870?–1921?, BDRC P563 [8] The vows of the lay disciple (dge bsnen gyi sdom pa, upāsakasaṃvara) consists of the five precepts (bslab pa lnga, pañcasīla): (1) Not to kill, (2) Not to steal, (3) Not to engage in sexual misconduct, (4) Not to lie, and (5) Not to use intoxicants. [9] 'jam dbyangs mkhyen btse dbang po, 1820–1892, BDRC P258 [10] rdzong sar dgon, BDRC G213 [11] 'jam mgon kong sprul blo gros mtha' yas, 1813–1899, BDRC P264 and dpal spungs, BDRC G36 , seat of Situ Pema Wangchuk Gyalpo and Jamgön Kongtrul [12] Druk Heru Monastery ('brug heru dgon) was initially founded by Gyalwang Dechen Dorje. [13] Trulshik Monastery ('khrul zhig dgon) is the seat of Satrul Rigzin Chögyal located in Nangchen Sharda. [14] Satrul Rigzin Chögyal (sa sprul rig 'dzin chos rgyas) was the sixth reincarnation of Satrul, born in the fifteenth sexagenary cycle. His father was a prince to Nangchen King, and his mother was a daughter to the Drongpa chieftain. [15] rdzog chen dgon pa, BDRC G16 [16] rdzogs chen grub dbang 05 thub bstan chos kyi rdo rje, 1872–1935, BDRC P701 [17] rgyal sras byams pa mtha' yas and thub bstan chos kyi snang ba [18] mkhan chen bkra shis 'od zer, 1836–1910, BDRC P1373 [19] It is said that Gyalwang Dechen Dorje (rgyal dbang bde chen rdo rje) built a hundred and eight Guru temples, including Heru Monastery and Vamlung monastery. stag sham nus ldan rdo rje, b. 1655, BDRC P663 and klong chen rab 'byams, 1308–1364, BDRC P1583 [20] kaH thog mkhan thub bstan rgyal mtshan 'od zer, b. 1862, BDRC P6048 ; 'jam mgon mi pham rnam rgyal rgya mtsho, 1846–1921, BDRC P252 ; mkhan po gzhan dga', 1871–1927, BDRC P699 ; gnas sar bkar ma bkra shis chos 'phel, BDRC P6173 (one of the three chief disciples of Jamgön Kongtrul); rgya rong rtogs ldan; mu ra sprul sku 03 pad+ma bde chen bzang po, BDRC P8693 ; 'jam dbyang bkra shis rin chen; kaH thog si tu 03 chos kyi gya mtsho, 1880–1923/1925, BDRC P706 ; mchog gling gter sras tshe dbang nor bu, BDRC P2713 , the second son of Chokgyur Dechen Lingpa [21] khyung po, a place in Kham [22] dpal spungs thub bstan chos 'khor gling gi sgrub sde bsams gtam chos gling [23] karma bkra shis 'od zer [24] karma mthong lam [25] According to the oral account, he was appointed as a retreat master for the next three-year retreat program. [26] According to the oral record, at the age of thirty-three, he left the Palpung Monastery for his homeland. [27] bkra shis dpal ri, a sacred site in Kham [28] pad+ma shel phug, BDRC G3624 [29] dkar mo stag tshang, BDRC G3625 [30] gnas brtan mchog gling 02 pad+ma 'gyur med theg mchog bstan 'phel, 1873/1874–1927, BDRC P1AG97 [31] byang rta rna dgon pa, BDRC G2628 [32] Druk Vaṃlung Monastery ('brug vaM lung dgon) was initially founded by Gyalwang Dechen Dorje in the twelfth sexagenary cycle, located in Drongpa Meshung [33] rta rna bza' rig 'dzin sgrol ma [34] bsam yas mchim phu, BDRC G3528 [35] rin chen gter mdzod [36] lcang lo can [37] Netan Monastery (gnas brtan dgon, BDRC G1AG98 ), the seat of Chokgyur Lingpa, is located in Chimé, southwest of Nangchen. Shakchö Monastery (khyung po zhag gcod dgon), is a Karma Kagyu monastery, founded by Shagchö Tashi Palzang in 1533 in Khyungpo. [38] gdam ngag mdzod; Tsangsar Monastery (tshangs sar dgon) is a Barom Kagyu Monastery and the seat of Tsangsar Lodrö Rinchen. [39] bka' brgyud sngags mdzod and ra mgo mtsho kha dgon [40] gser rtsa bkra shis gling (a Bön Monastery in Sertsa) and tsangs sar bla khyabs [41] Drogön Sangye Yelpa ('gro mgon sangs rgyas yal pa) is the founder of Yalpa Kagyu School. [42] pad+ma 'gyur med 1929–1999; kong sprul blo grus rab 'phel, 1901–1958, BDRC P1PD108567 ; tshangs sar blo gros rin chen; rta rna spen pa sprul ku; rta rna sgrub rgyud sprul sku; gzu ru jo skyabs [43] a lde'u grub rigs khyu mchog, 1930–2007, BDRC P6757 ; ban chen sangs rgyas gnyen pa 09 karma bshad sgrub btsan pa'i nyi ma 1897–1962, BDRC P934 ; dil yag zla bzang; ja pa sangs rgyas bstan 'dzin 1919–2001; ta'i si tu 11 pad+ma dbang mchog rgyal po, 1886–1952, BDRC P925 [44] Some of his teachings include gu ru'i thugs sgrub sku gsum gsang ba 'dus pa, snga 'gyur snying ma'i mgur mtsho, 'brug pa'i mgur mtsho, and gcod kyi tshogs las bdud rtsi bum bzang. Photo Credit: Heru Monastery contributed by the translator Published: July 2021 Edited: February 2022 BIBLIOGRAPHY Khen Orgyan Namgyal (mkhan o rgyan rnam rgyal). 2021. khyung sprul pad+ma phrin las rgya mtsho'i rnam thar . London: Tib Shelf W003 Abstract Khyungtrul Pema Trinle Gyatso, also known as Khyungtrul Kargyam, was not said to be a reincarnation of any particular Lama. Yet, he was a treasure revealer, a highly learned master, and undeniably an important figure in the Rimé movement of the nineteenth century in Kham. His writings comprise around four volumes which were collected and preserved by his son Pema Gyurme. Pema Gyurme’s disciple, Khen Orgyen Namgyal, composed this short biographical text, using Khyungtrul’s autobiography and the oral account. TIB SHELF W003 DOWNLOAD TRANSLATION GO TO TRANSLATION LISTEN TO AUDIO 00:00 / 00:27 TRADITION Drukpa Kagyu INCARNATION LINE None HISTORICAL PERIOD 19th Century 20th Century TEACHERS The Fifteenth Karmapa, Khakyab Dorje Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo Jamgön Kongtrul Lodrö Taye The Fifth Dzogtrul Tubten Chökyi Dorje Khenchen Tashi Öser Katok Khen Tubten Gyaltsen Öser Jamgön Mipam Namgyal Gyatso Khenpo Shenga Nesar Karma Tashi Chöphel Mura Pema Dechen Sangpo The Third Katok Situ, Chökyi Gyatso Chokling Terse Jigme Tsewang Norbu The Second Cholking, Ngedön Drubpe Dorje The BDRC Identifications have not been found for the following. Please contact us if you have any information: Satrül Rigzin Chögyal Gyalse Jampa Taye Tubten Chökyi Nangwa Gyarong Tokden Jamyang Tashi Rinchen Karma Tashi Öser Karma Tonglam TRANSLATOR Rinzin Dorjee Drongpa INSTITUTIONS Dzongsar Monastery Palpung Monastery Trulshik Monastery Dzogchen Monastery Pema Shelphuk Karmo Taktsang Netan Monastery Jang Tana Monastery Samye Chimpu The BDRC Identifications have not been found for the following. Please contact us if you have any information: Druk Heru Monastery Tashi Palri Kham Riwo Monastery Dilyak Monastery Druk Vaṃlung Monastery Shakchö Monastery Tsangsar Monastery Rago Tsokha Monastery Sertsa Tashi Ling Monastery Tsangsar Lakhyab Monastery Changlochen Residence STUDENTS Dzigar Kongtrul Lodrö Rabpel The Eighth Adeu Rinpoche Drubrik Khyuchok The Ninth Benchen Sangye Nyenpa, Karma Shedrub Tenpe Nyima The Eleventh Situ Pema Wangchuk Gyalpo The Second Cholking, Ngedön Drubpe Dorje The BDRC Identifications have not been found for the following. Please contact us if you have any information: Pema Gyurme Tsangsar Lodrö Rinchen Tana Penpa Tulku Tana Drubgyü Tulku Suru Jokhyab Dilyak Dabsang Japa Sangye Tenzin AUTHOR Khen Orgyen Namgyal The Biography of Khyungtrul Pema Trinle Gyatso VIEW ALL PUBLICATIONS NEXT PUBLICATION > < PREVIOUS PUBLICATION Home Publications Read Listen Watch People Information About Meet the Team Services Translators Terms of Use Privacy Policy Donate Subscribe to our newsletter Support Tib Shelf's ongoing work & Subscribe Today! Name * Email* Submit Tib Shelf is a not-for-profit organisation dedicated to translating, presenting and preserving primary source Tibetan texts across a vast array of genres and time periods. We make these literary treasures accessible to readers worldwide, offering a unique window into Tibet's rich history, culture and traditions. 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A unique genealogy of Tibet's Barchung and Ju clans tracing their Genghis Khan lineage, offering rare insights into Mongolian Buddhism during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). The Ruby Garland: A Genealogy of the Emperor Uhu Wang Genghis Khan Mangalam Shining with a plethora of virtues and good qualities, Endowed with an uninterrupted stream of magnificent activities, A treasury of attainments that fulfils all wishes and desires, Auspiciously protect me through the supreme refuge, the three precious jewels. Displays of the vajra come in various compassionate expressions: Primordial wisdom and radiant intelligence of knowledge and love, Like an ocean of inexhaustible auspicious glory, Oh, glorious Guru, simultaneously bestow all these upon me! By the blessings and power of Manjughosha, During the waning moon whilst atop a mountain The young prince of Brahma descended the stairway of heaven Relying upon the sky cord—a divine lineage. I will briefly pen the source of Genghis Khan’s lineage. Well then, concerning the subject that I will discuss: The great scholar Lang [ 1 ] said, “Human ancestry is derived from the gods, and a stream comes from the snowy mountains.” Accordingly, I will arrange a condensed history of the royal lineage of the Divine Ruler and Manifestation of Manjughosha, Genghis Khan (1162–1227). Additionally, I will present those who have a connection with that history. This includes the royal lineage of the Great Ming (1368–1644) [ 2 ] and the many gurus and spiritual masters born for the benefit of all sentient beings. A long time ago, a young, beautiful, and handsome son of the resplendent gods descended the nine stages of the divine mu cord. [ 3 ] He came to rest upon a mountain peak adjacent to the Five-peaked Mountain in China (Wu Tai Shan). He was (1) Borta Ching, [ 4 ] the son of gods of heaven. His son was (2) Tachi Gen, and his son was (3) Tamcha Ga. [ 5 ] According to the oral tradition of that locale, Tamcha Ga’s son, (4) Chingji Mergen, [ 6 ] has the same basis of emanation as the great teacher Padmasambhava. Even in these times, it is said that Padmasambhava resides in the southwestern [continent], subduing demons. Chingji Mergen’s son was (5) Laudza Bera Ol, and his son was (6) Sikin Dun. [ 7 ] Sikin Dun’s son was (7) Semdza Odzi, and his son was (8) Laju. [ 8 ] His son was (9) Nunmer Gen. [ 9 ] After his death, when the queen called Alankho, or Lenlun Mo'o Ma [ 10 ] was widowed. It was at this time that a ray of light descended either from the sky or the sun and moon, striking her. Bliss enveloped her and she was impregnated. Consequently, she gave birth to a son named (10) Boton Char, or Charmer Gen. [ 11 ] Charmer Gen’s son was (11) Gachi Tei Hou, and his son was (12) Bikhir. [ 12 ] His son was (13) Manto Don, and his son was (14) Gaitu Gen. [ 13 ] Gaitu Gen’s son was (15) Bai Shing, and his son was (16) Khora Togshing. [ 14 ] His son was (17) Dumbi Hai Khen, and his son was (18) Gabu Lagen. [ 15 ] Gabu Lagen’s son was (19) Barten Badur, and his son (20) Yepur Gaba Dur, [ 16 ] the twentieth of the royal genealogy. It was at this point that Emperor Genghis Khan [ 17 ] was born to Yesugei (1134–1171) and his queen Hoelun [ 18 ] in the Water Horse Year (1162). [ 19 ] His actual name was Temunjen, also known as (21) Emperor Taitsu Zhin Uhu, [ 20 ] and he was a great emperor akin to the glorious and meritorious autumn and a manifestation of Manjughosha’s Wheel of Stability. When he turned fifty-seven in the Earth Female Rabbit Year (1219), [ 21 ] he captured the Chinese Emperor Hu Wang's capital, becoming the emperor of the empire of astrological science and the great eastern land of the world—China. Hence, he brought all territories under [the Emperor of China] and most other areas under his domain. He governed the empire for twenty-three years, passing into the heavens at the age of sixty-six (1227). From that time on, China's (Mongolia) political dominion had spread and flourished more than ever. Therefore, fortified castles were built in the borderlands and in each direction to sustain this power. Subsequently, the tradition of the hereditary princes [ 22 ] governing these fortified castles was established. The eldest prince, Jochi Khan (1182–1227), was appointed as the king of Tokmok. [ 23 ] The second prince, Chagatai Khan (1183–1241), was given the rank of prince and was appointed as the ruler of the northern lands, principally Tokar, [ 24 ] belonging to the lower northern area of the Five-Peak Mountain, and all the areas to the north-east. He governed the Yerkhen Fortress [ 25 ] and was the actual ancestor of Kalkha Dondrub Wang, the Ju clan, and the six tribes of the Barchung clan, all of which are known in Tibet. [ 26 ] Chagatai Khan had five princes, of which the eldest, Abo La, [ 27 ] succeeded as regent. The second son, I Mama Huli, became the king of Kha Che (Islamic world) and resided at the Red Soil Fort. [ 28 ] The third son, Atira Maha Mari, became the king of India and resided at the Balasha Fort. [ 29 ] The fourth son, Kongkha Ratolo, became the king of Rom and resided at Domala Fort. [ 30 ] The fifth and youngest son, Temur, became the king of Oru Kho and was said to have resided at Bhuha Fort. [ 31 ] The aforementioned great Emperor Genghis Khan’s third son, Ogedei Khan (1185–1241), or (22) Emperor Taitsung Ingwen Hu, [ 32 ] ruled the empire for thirteen years. His son, Guyuk Khan (1206–1248), also known as (23) Emperor Tingtsung Stiyan Pinghu, [ 33 ] ruled the empire for six months. The fourth son of Genghis Khan was Tongkha Tolo. [ 34 ] His eldest son ruled the empire under the names of Mongke Khan (1209–1259), Emperor Shiyen Tsunghu Bansuhu, and Monggol Gengya. [ 35 ] All the Tibetan areas, including Utsang, Ngari, and upper and lower Do Kham, were gradually subdued by military forces during the [reign of] Prince Godan Khan (1206–1251), [ 36 ] Guyuk Khan, and Mongke Khan. Mongke Khan’s son, (24) Kublai Khan (1215–1294), widely known to Tibetans and Mongols as Sechen Gengyar, [ 37 ] ruled the kingdom for thirty-five years. Under his rule, the sacred doctrine spread and prospered, making significant contributions in service of the Buddhis teachings. He honoured great beings and gurus from the Sakya, Nyingma, and Kagyu orders, living until the age of eighty. Thereafter, the son of Kublai Khan [ 38 ] had already passed away. His name was Prince Bahu Wang, [ 39 ] or the Regent of Jing Gin. His son was Temur, or Emperor Chingtsung Kuwang Shio Uhu (26), [ 40 ] who became the king of Uljoi Tu, or Olja Du (Temur Khan; 1265–1307). [ 41 ] During his reign, he received the Great Unchangeable Precious Royal Seal, made of white jade and engraved with [the title] Kwi Zhiu Yungtang. [ 42 ] He ruled the empire for thirteen years. There were five or six royal generations from the time of Genghis Khan until these emperors. They conquered almost everyone on the planet: from the subjects of Khincha [ 43 ] in the north to all those in the other three directions up to the islands in the sea, including Zhison, Hpusang, and Siyang. [ 44 ] By bringing many of these under their control, their empire was twice the size of both the Han (206 BCE–220 CE) and Tang (618–907) dynasties. The empire was called the Great Yuan, or the Great Hor. [ 45 ] After some time had passed, Emperor Olja Du’s eldest brother’s son, Emperor Utsung Shan Shoihu (27), otherwise known as Emperor Khuluk or Goyuk (Kulug Khan; 1281–1311), [ 46 ] governed the empire for years. His younger brother, Emperor Ayu Parsata Zhin Shiuhu (28), or Emperor Buyantu (Ayubarwada Buyantu Khan; 1285–1320) [ 47 ] ruled for nine years. His son, Emperor Shubho Pala Yingtsung Wenshi Uhu (29), or Emperor Kokon (Gegeen Khan; 1302–1323) [ 48 ] ruled for three years. Up until him, all the previous emperors maintained the tradition of wearing the hats and attire of the Hor. However, it appears that Yingtsung changed them all to Chinese attire. Then Jing Gin’s grandson, Emperor Yisun Temur Jing Wang Titing (30), [ 49 ] ruled for five years. After him, some sources also assert that his eldest son Rakyi Pak, or Asukiba (31), [ 50 ] ruled the government for forty years. However, some sources say that after three months on the throne, Emperor Utsung’s youngest son, Tuktomur, [ 51 ] seized power from him and pretended to give it to his older brother, Emperor Kushala Mingtsung (32). [ 52 ] Although, Emperor Kushala Mingtsung also passed away after approximately eight months [of ruling]. The majority of sources say Kula Gotu, or Kushala Mingtsung, stayed on the throne for one month. In any case, it is also said that in the end, Emperor Temur Wentshung Jayatu (33) [ 53 ] ruled for five years while some other sources say three years. When he was about to die, his final testament was to appoint Mingtsung’s younger son, Rinchen Pel (34), [ 54 ] to sit on the throne. Following his final demands, Rinchen Pel was enthroned, but he died about a month later. At that time, the throne was vacant for six months, with Minister Emtamur Tashi [ 55 ] ruling the empire. The eldest son of Mingtsung, named Emperor Togan Temur Huitsung Zhunhu (35), or Emperor Uha (Toghon Temur; 1320–1370), [ 56 ] ruled for thirty-six years. After that point, he had to abdicate and leave for lower Hor. Concerning the reason for his abdication, he appeared to be a great religious scholar. However, he lacked knowledge in temporal and state matters, causing multiple disagreements and creating countless conflicts leading to an upheaval in the empire. For instance: there were twenty-three great bandit leaders and many less significant leaders who brought bouts of significant suffering to China, Hor, Mongolia, and Tibet. A short while after this, the Great Ming Emperor Taitsung [ 57 ] took the land under his dominion and pacified it, conquering the capital of China (Beijing) and becoming emperor. It is said the Mongol emperors descendent from Genghis Khan until to Togar Temur [ 58 ] occupied the capital of China for one hundred and forty-seven years, nine months, and ten days. After Genghis Khan had ruled over China, Togen Temur was the fifteenth emperor in the royal succession. From his time onwards, they only ruled their own territory, the land of the Hor. Some two hundred and sixty-six years later, the twentieth emperor, Hor Lekden Zhutok, allied with Karma Tenkyong Wangpo, [ 59 ] the regent of Tsang, Tibet. The emperor marched to Tibet in support of the Kagyu doctrine but died on the journey. It is said that this empire [of Northern Yuan] fell apart due to these unsuccessful conditions. In that way, the narrative on the royal lineage of the Great and Divine Ruler Genghis Khan of Hor is complete. Here, I will explain the lineage of the Great Ming emperors, who, like the Hor of the past, were benevolent to us, the heavenly descendants of Genghis Khan, our kings, ministers, and populace, as well as all the monks, principally the state preceptors, [ 60 ] in all possible ways. This includes bestowing appointments and being graciously protective, respectful, and resourceful. It is not easy to find this family lineage's origin, but the first ruler was Emperor Taitsung (Taizu; 1368–1398). [ 61 ] Taitsung was a monk in the Huang Kyou Zi Temple [ 62 ] during Togan Temur’s time. It was a period marked by banditry, an era where gangs robbed and ransacked. After hearing a great bandit leader arrived in the vicinity of the monastery, Taitsung’s friends fled. Finding himself in such a predicament, he thought, “If I run away, then the sacred objects will be ruined—they will set the temple ablaze and other such calamities. Even if I do not flee but stay and fight, I will surely not be able to protect them. Yet, if I do surrender, I fear I might become one of the bandits. What should I do?” Subsequently, he performed a divination in front of a [Buddhist] statue, which indicated that it would be better to surrender, so he waited for the bandit leader. In the process of surrendering, they conversed in Chinese, and the bandits realized that he was extraordinary and unlike others. Therefore, the people raised him up upon their shoulders, and he was given a great and powerful position through which he gradually accrued power. Thereafter, when the bandit leader died, Taitsung took the position as the head leader of the bandits. He continued to grow in prestige from then on, spreading his influence and bringing all his people under his power. After that, in the Male Earth Monkey Year (1368) he even conquered the capital city of the Great Hor. Since the empire’s control did not extend to the north and west, it was weaker than the time of the Hor (Yuan Dynasty). However, it was highly prestigious and not too dissimilar from the time of the Han and Tang dynasties when it came to other matters. The name of the empire was Great Ming. In general, its administration had good connections with Bon, Buddhist, and Vedic [traditions]. It also maintained a priest-patron relationship [ 63 ] with the early translation Nyingma, Kagyu, and Sakya. In that way, he ruled the kingdom for thirty-three years. His son Kyihun (Emperor Jianwan; 1398–1402), [ 64 ] the second royal successor, ruled for two years. His son Yewang Yung Lochenpo (Yongle Emperor; r. 1402–1424), [ 65 ] the third royal successor, paid excellent service to the Buddhist teachings, ruling the empire for twenty-two years. His son and the fourth successor, Zhinzung, [ 66 ] ruled for four years. His son and the fifth successor, Zonde, [ 67 ] ruled for eight years. His son and the sixth successor, Chi Tung, [ 68 ] ruled for thirteen years. His son and the seventh successor, Kyinta, [ 69 ] ruled for seven years. His son and the eighth successor, Tenshun, [ 70 ] ruled for eight years. Thus, it is said from the first Great Ming Emperor, Taitsung, to the last [emperor], Tenshun, [ 71 ] the Great Ming Emperors occupied the capital of China for ninety-seven human years. Apart from the first Great Ming emperor and the third [emperor called] Yewang, [ 72 ] the majority of the other emperors were too weak. It is said their reigns shortened due to such things as losing control of the eunuchs and corrupted ministers. It is also said that after Emperor Teshun, [ 73 ] there were four people: [Emperor] Utsung, the Bon favouring [Emperor] Zhitsung, the ugly [Emperor] Shontsung, and [Emperor] Krungtsun. [ 74 ] These four caused conflicts to ripen, triggering the loss of the empire to the hands of a bandit leader called Litsi Ching. [ 75 ] In the legendary narratives and writings of our ancestral chieftains, it says: “In the Water Bird Year (1633), the eighth year of the eighth successor the Great Ming Emperor Tenshun’s reign, King Taitsung Bokto conquered the capital city of China with his army. Taitsung Bokto’s actual name was Emperor Zhitsuhu and was also known as Mukton. More recently, Tibetans refer to him as Manju Sokpo Chinhwa. [ 76 ] Subsequently, the Great Ming Emperor Tenshun took control of the four cardinal borderlands of greater China where his royal descendants still reside. It is said that in two hundred years, the royal descendants will return and claim the throne of China.” Homage to Padmakara! Now, I will present the successors [and history] of our ancestors' descendants and the great ministerial state preceptors [ 77 ] connected with them. I have already discussed the succession from Genghis Khan, the Divine Ruler of Manjughosha, up to the twentieth royal descendant in the section of the history of the Hor. The twenty-first royal successor, Emperor Taitsu Zhing Puhu, [ 78 ] controlled the capital city of eastern China. The twenty-second successor is considered his son, the Second Tistsi, the Emperor Chagatai La Chinwang [ 79 ] and ruler of the Yerkhen Fortress. [ 80 ] His younger brother and fifth son of Genghis Khan, Master Sansu Tanzhin, or Dharma Lord Yonten Pel, [ 81 ] was the First Great Ministerial State Preceptor. He was a profoundly and extensively skilled victory banner of scholars and a proponent of the three baskets ( tripitaka) [of the Buddhist teachings]. He was a direct disciple of both Katok Tsangton Dorje Gyeltsen and Jampa Bum. [ 82 ] The twenty-third successor, Awola Jingwang, [ 83 ] lived a long and full life of one-hundred and seven years. His younger brother was the Second State Preceptor and Dharma Lord, Yeshe Gyeltsen Pel, who received the victory banner and title of Tungshu Wanda Shai. [ 84 ] The twenty-fourth successor was Hanwang Khola Jing. [ 85 ] His elder brother was the Third State Preceptor and Dharma Lord, Gelek Pel, who received the victory banner and the title of Hpozhiku Wanggi Pouda Shai, or the Radiant Sun Rays of the Victor’s Doctrine. [ 86 ] The twenty-fifth successor Tawang Negoye constructed Tau Titur Temple [ 87 ] at the Yerkhen Fortress, which was unrivalled under the sun. The temple was filled to the brim with representational objects of the enlightened body, speech, and mind. His half-brother from a different mother was the Fourth State Preceptor and Dharma Lord, Jinpa Pel, received the victory banner and title of Wuwan Hpapagi Youda Shi, or the Lineage Holder who Protects the Teachings. [ 88 ] The twenty-sixth successor was Sanwang Tomer. [ 89 ] His elder brother was the Fifth State Preceptor and Dharma Lord, Gyamtso Pel, who received the victory banner and title of Uwan Hpatou Yin Mioushi Wandai Shai, or the Lineage Holder and Courageous Lord who Disseminates the Doctrine. [ 90 ] The twenty-seventh successor was Yerkhen Dazhi Tawang. [ 91 ] His nephew was the Sixth State Preceptor and Dharma Lord, Jampa Pel, who received the victory banner and the title of Wuwan Hpatung Su Wanda Shai, or the Realised Lineage Holder. [ 92 ] The twenty-eighth successor was Hputai Wang Ulkebe. [ 93 ] His elder brother was the Seventh State Preceptor, Khyilwa Kunga Pel, who received the victory banner and the title of Tuwan Hputungsi Wanda Shai, or the Lineage Holder of Great Courage. [ 94 ] The twenty-ninth successor was Shrir Nadalai Wang. [ 95 ] His younger brother was the Eighth State Preceptor and Dharma Lord, Gyeltsen Bum, [ 96 ] who did not receive any titles. The thirtieth successor was Maga Shri Palayon Wang. [ 97 ] His elder brother was the Ninth State Preceptor and Dharma Lord, Jangchub Pel, who received the victory banner and title of Tuwan Hpu Shuan Ude Shai, or the Compassionate Lineage Holder. [ 98 ] The thirty-first successor was Sanwang Olgo Temu. [ 99 ] His younger brother was the Tenth State Preceptor, Purnye Shri, [ 100 ] who did not receive any titles. The thirty-second successor was Emperor Chinggin Dalai Wang Kunga Dorje, [ 101 ] and he had nine princes. The eldest prince, San Zhita Wangching, [ 102 ] was the successor to his father and controlled the Yerkhen Fortress. It is said that the current Hor Khalka Dondrub Wangchenpo is his descendant. [ 103 ] The second prince under San Zhita Wangching was the Eleventh State Preceptor, Master Zhiwa Pel, the ruler of Huwang Mei Zi'i. He received the victory banner and title of Tunghu Da Shai, or the Dharma Lord of Supreme Intellect. [ 104 ] The other six young princes were individually given golden edicts [ 105 ] and titles of lords of six large districts under the power of [Yerkhen]. These days it is said that the eighth prince Hau Puyan Tako [ 106 ] is the forefather of the Ju clan in Tibet. It later came to pass that he became the ruler of the Mong Ra Fortress. His lineage was called the Thirteen Black Spear Holding Anye Mantra Practitioners. [ 107 ] This name was bestowed since their dharma protector bears a black silk clan flag, which I will talk about in a later section. The ninth and youngest prince was acutely intelligent, exceptionally wise, highly tolerant, a prodigious orator, and a quick thinker. Even the noblest, such as the great ministers, could not compete with him. As he was King Kunga Dorje's favourite son, [ 108 ] the father kept six of the eighteen major districts for himself and gave six to his son. His father praised and bestowed upon him such items as his own imperial golden edict and golden seals from the Mongolian capital of China. The thirty-third successor was Chinggin Sanwang Gaushri Wangchuk Gyeltsen. [ 109 ] It was not known in China, Hor, nor Mongolia; however, the Barchung clan, here in Tibet, was established by him. This prince resided in the district of Ule Yerkhen Dazhi on the border of Sang Hor and Oro. [ 110 ] The thirty-fourth successor was Tiwang Yeten Toktu. [ 111 ] His elder brother was the Twelfth State Preceptor and Dharma Lord, Drime Pel, who received the victory banner and title of Tungshi Wan Minyi Giyou Yamida Shai, or the secret lord, the scholastic-adept of sutra and mantra. [ 112 ] During this patron-priest [relationship], the great Hor was in distress. Many greater and lesser bandit leaders began to gather, and many bandit hideouts sprang up in the lower part [of Mongolia]. Although an ocean of suffering began to overflow in the upper and lower parts [of Mongolia], we [our ancestors] could barely save our own six districts from becoming subservient to them. The Lord Togen Temur [ 113 ] also fled to the lower lands of Hor. Not long thereafter, the Great Ming Emperor Tai Tsung [ 114 ] settled in China’s capital city, bringing peace to the land. The thirty-fifth successor was the elder prince, Tale Wangtang Tirti Mangga Shri. [ 115 ] His younger brother was the Thirteenth State Preceptor and Dharma Lord, Taye Pel, who received the victory banner and title of Mintan Tato Yuwan Zhunthunggi Youda Shai, or the Supporter of the Victor’s Teachings—supreme unification of the oral transmission of instructions and the repository of treasure teachings of qualities. [ 116 ] From that time forward, the Great Ming emperors showed more prominent respect to Genghis Khan's royal descendants by bestowing titles, golden seals, hats signifying high rank, et cetera. The thirty-sixth successor was Ila Sikyi Wangpa Chara. [ 117 ] His elder brother was the Fourteenth State Preceptor and Dharma Lord, Tashi Gawai Pel, who received the victory banner and title of Lintan Date Khaisan Shiotunggi Youda Shai, or the Supporter of the Victor’s Teachings who simultaneously spreads the three trainings of oral transmission of instructions and the repository of treasure teachings of qualities. [ 118 ] During this priest and patron relationship, Chongti Dewa Temple was built in the district of Ule Yerkhen Dazhi Fortress. It was filled with unfathomable sacred objects symbolic of the enlightened body, speech, and mind, as well as a wrathful [statue] of Ashtasahasrikaprajnaparamita . Rapu Dewa Temple was built in the district of Orong. Ayur Dewa Temple was built in the district of Mala Punrar. Siu Pati DewaTemple was built in the district of Daun Tsung. Sesi Soto Dewa Temple was built in the district of Mongra Khar. On Sage Dewa Temple was built in the district of Tewo Rasi. Minyigi Dewa Temple was built in the district of Oshanwa Si. Thus, seven great temples were built in six districts as well as a fortified palace. [ 119 ] The thirty-seventh successor was Elche Wangsan Gaushri, [ 120 ] who lived for eighty-nine years. He provided unrivalled support for the Buddha's precious doctrine in the service of the Great Ming Emperor Yewang, or the Great Yunglo (Emperor Yongle; 1360–1423 CE). [ 121 ] His elder brother was the Fifteen Great State Preceptor and Dharma Lord, Lachen Ozer Pelwa. [ 122 ] He received the victory banner and title of Tui Luzi Giyou Tutsun Tungdau Tungton Titan Shi'i Khing Shou Tarleu, [ 123 ] or the elder master who completely and unbiasedly ascertains the doctrine of the victors, the lord of the perfectly pure primordial wisdom of the realisation of the path, and the dharma king and great abbot endowed with immutable life. It is said that out of all the highest tantric gurus, none were more learned or had more excellent qualities than him, as the great scholar and victor Longchenpa (1308–1364) [ 124 ] had already left Tibet. The thirty-eighth successor was Tawang Tolo Gechi.[ 125 ] His younger brother was the Sixteenth State Preceptor, Rana Kotu, and was not bestowed any titles. [ 126 ] The thirty-ninth successor was Tale Wangsiwi Tanata, [ 127 ] who was a great physician. His elder brother was the Seventeenth State Preceptor and the Dharma Lord, Gyeltsen Pel, who received the victory banner and the title of Khaisan Thiokyang Thuwang Datheng Kyemin Tanshi'i, [ 128 ] or the lineage abbot of the oral transmission and treasure teachings of the precious qualities of the Mahayana and of the bodhisattva vows, the one who propagates the three excellent trainings. A younger brother of his, Tale Badur Tarwa Kyab, [ 129 ] lived in a separate household. It was said that he was not a family descendant, as he was an adopted son. The six Barchung groups spread from the descendants of Tale Badur Tarwa Kyab and his elder brother, King Tale Wangsi. [ 130 ] The actual descendants of the physician King Wangsi were the older Penkor, the middle Kyabkor, and the youngest Yagkor. These three were collectively known as the three groups of lords. [ 131 ] As for the descendants of Badur Tarwa, they were the older Jamo, the middle Taglen, and the youngest Gurshul, which made up the six groups. [ 132 ] The fortieth successor was the first prince Sanwang Tashir Ola Pen, [ 133 ] who stayed in the capital. The second prince was called Daben Tsering Kyab. The third prince was Sukini Tolo Yak. [ 134 ] The second and third lived in separate households. The fourth prince was the Eighteenth State Preceptor and Dharma Lord, Lekpa Pel, who received the victory banner and the title of Hputsung Hunggi Youda Shai, or the lineage protector and the disseminator of the doctrine. [ 135 ] The forty-first successor of the great Genghis Khan was Yewan Tebun Tsita Gaushri. [ 136 ] His younger brother was the Nineteenth State Preceptor and Dharma Lord, Sonam Pel, who received the victory banner and the title Sahpo Kiyopu Manda Shai, [ 137 ] or the perpetually happy one. In this period, changes ensued in the capital of China, and a huge crisis befell the empire due to the activities of the Great Ming Emperor Toshun (Emperor Chongzhen; 1627–1644). [ 138 ] A significant fragmentation occurred, as most people in the empire fled from areas such as the Hor land and the upper and lower parts of Oro, scattering to various places. Most of them escaped to the upper and lower parts of Kokonor. Some people from the Forty Oro Tsoyan group scattered to the sunny and shaded sides of the upper part of Ma. [ 139 ] The King Dwaichen and some others fled to both the sunny and shaded sides of Shardza, [ 140 ] and it was at this time that they acquired new abodes. At that time our own Great and Powerful Genghis Khan [ 141 ] (the lord of the clan) also abandoned and fled from the district of Ule Yerkhen Dazhi to the area of upper Barwon, [ 142 ] located in the upper part of Kokonor. There they acquired new land as they settled under black and white tents. The subjects of the six controlled districts and their chieftains scattered in all directions. Some became the victims of gangs of bandits and were completely annihilated, whilst others are said to have fled, wondering to any place they could find. People from the six districts and around our fort who followed the Lord’s family had three lords and nine groups of subjects. [ 143 ] In total, there were a little over three hundred households. During this time, Emperor Mugton Tangtsung Bogto, also known by some as Mongolian Manju Changha, [ 144 ] had settled in the China’s capital, leading to a terrible and tumultuous war that subsided after about twelve years. At that time, Hor Lekden [ 145 ] was unsuccessful in Tibet and returned with his two queens and two princes. Along with three thousand soldiers of the eight Chakar groups, [ 146 ] he surrendered to Emperor Bogto. It was at this time he offered the royal seal of the Precious, Immutable Swastika to Mugton Bogto. It is said that the power of this seal established the relationship in which China, Hor, Manchu, and Mongolia came under the one-state policy of the [Manchus]. The forty-second successor was Sanshri Gung Gonpo Gyel, [ 147 ] who did not have a priest. When he was middle-aged, King Bogto’s son, Emperor Dekyi (Emperor Qianlong, 1711–1799), [ 148 ] became a patron of the Geluk tradition. His great minister, Mongolian King Gaushri Tendzin Chogyel, [ 149 ] became very powerful. Subsequently, he put the Mongolian settlements, Ziling, Dranak, [ 150 ] and others all under miserable conditions. An uprising arose as he began to proceed with his army to Tibet. In the face of this, Barchung Chede Yaggyel and Yagkor Uchen Pema Wangdrak, [ 151 ] who were relatives of our chief, refused to obey the chief’s orders. They took about one hundred different families and went to the south of the Dzachu River to surrender to Hor Mazur Tsang. [ 152 ] Once again, the two brothers did not get along well, and Che Yaggyal departed with about seventy families, settling in the valley of Washul Tramtar. [ 153 ] Some leaders came from [within those two groups] back to us in need of a clan to join, as well as provisions. These are the ones residing in Shuggur [ 154 ] to this day. The Uchen Sewang group could also not settle and came to Da Valley to reside. [ 155 ] Some of them came to settle in Ser Valley. [ 156 ] It is also said that many families of the clan separated due to infighting. At that time, the leader of the unrest, San Gung [the forty-second successor], did well in negotiating with Sog Gau Shri. Due to this, no harm was done to the people and they [were even] granted some benefits. The forty-third successor was the chief of Gungru Jasak called Lord Namlha Yak. [ 157 ] His father passed away when he turned fifteen. Not long after that, Khandro Lobzang Tenkyong [ 158 ] from Upper Mongolia created conflicts between the Tibetans and Mongols, provoking large unrest. At that time, three groups, (1) Ju Nangso, (2) Sog Dewa rod, and (3) Sershul fled to upper Dza, initially settling there. [ 159 ] The Ju Nangsog are descendants of Hau Puyan Tako and share the same blood lineage as ours. They were the lords of Mongra Fort, a minor fort under [the control of] Yerkhen. [ 160 ] Then gradually (4) Tarshul, (5) Bumshul Nying, (6) Ponpo, (7) Badur, (8) Trims Zagong, (9) Gemang, (10) Mangge, (11) Chitan, and (12) Chewo were the first to come. Those who came later were, (13) Getse Gong, (14) Gegab, (15) Trom Gab, (16) Arig Za, (17) Pongyu, (18) Ase Bayan, and (19) Bum Sar. [ 161 ] Thus, there were eighteen Mongolian clans together with the Ju clans of Hor. These nineteen clans swore allegiance to the [king] of Derge. It was at that time the three groups of lords and nine groups of subjects continued through the land of Machu and settled on the shaded side of the Dar Valley [ 162 ] in Machu. Since the aforementioned Sanshri Gung Gonpo Gyel and Jasak Namlha Yak were without priests, there were no state preceptors for two generations. The eldest prince of Jasak was Orgyen Tsering, who lived separately. Jasak’s middle son was Lord Tsangsangs Tendzin. [ 163 ] The youngest son was the Twentieth State Preceptor and Dharma Lord the Excellent Guru Gyurme Tashi Gyamtso (1714–1793), also called the great scholar and adept A Tsuta Maha Pandita Maha Guru Sara. [ 164 ] In the Male Wood Horse Year, called Victorious, he was born in Chag Trang [ 165 ] situated in the lower part of the Dar Valley in the land of Ma. In the Fire Monkey Year (1716), when [Tashi Gyamtso] was three years old, most of the Tibetans and Mongols from the Gelug tradition were provoked by [the god of desire], Metok Dachen. [ 166 ] When the impudent borderland army of the Dzungar Mongols marched to Central Tibet, it is said that they passed over a small part of Upper Ma. In the Earth Dog Year (1718), they caused large scale destruction to the teachings, principally the Nyingma teachings, especially at such monasteries as Dorje Drak and Mindroling. [ 167 ] When they returned in the Earth Pig Year (1719), a large Chinese army annihilated the Dzungar troops and their leaders. Simultaneously, a great majority of other Mongolian gurus and leaders were also annihilated by the law. As a result, the area became relatively peaceful. In the Iron Mouse Year (1720), most of the nomadic settlements in Ma escaped to other places as there were hidden enemies and bandits who were pillaging. It was difficult, in particular, to distinguish and know if the travellers claiming to be Mongolian were friends or foes. Losing hope, they decided this was not a place to reside for a significant period of time. These were the chief houses of Genghis Khan. The three groups of lords together with the nine settlements of subjects which are (1) Jamo, (2) Taklen, (3) Gurshul, (4) Gyarok Beli, (5) Tsanno Behu, (6) Achok Bechang, (7) Sokpo, (8), Gotsa, and (9) Gyeza. [ 168 ] In total, around one hundred and eighty families travelled here to the south. In Derge, the Dharma King Tenpa Tsering (1678–1738) [ 169 ] had just been enthroned [in 1714], and it was a great time for the clans to meet and submit to him. The chief house was given the position of a great lord like before. Chief Orgyen Tsering and Penkor Barchung Delek Rabten of separate houses were given the position of the great managers of Derge. Kyabkor Barchung Yeshe Tseten and Yagkor Barchung Gyeltsen Bum were given the position of the interior court. Gya, Tsan, and A were given the position of ministers like before as well as excellent resources and respect following the tradition of the kingdom. [ 170 ] Thereafter, during the time of land distribution, [the king] purposely sent the general secretary Tashi Wangchuk and gave [the Barchung] the opportunity to choose from the Dzachukha area, an incomparable place. They chose all the land of Dzahu Rama, the lands from the lower Chaktak Drangkha and the upper and lower Sakuti to the plain of Dza, the lands from Dzasang Hachak Gamapu to the entire area of Hura, Margo Womporing, upper and lower Sang Trichan, the entire land of Dzagyab Mukmo, [ 171 ] and the land that belong to the families of Lake Mang can. Thus, he gave excellent and vast lands to the smallest settlements for their resources. In brief, there were twenty-two successors of the Divine Ruler Genghis Khan of the Great Hor. Beginning from the reign of the twenty-second successor King Chagatai La Chinwang, who took control of the immutable Fort Yerkhen Dazhi in the land of north-eastern Tokar, to the forty-third successor Chief Gungru Jasak called Lord Namlha Yak, who was an owner of a nomadic black-haired tent. From the time of Chagatai La Chinwang’s younger brother, the first of the Great State Preceptors Sansu Tanzhin, or the precious Dharma Lord Yonten Pel, until Namlha Yak’s younger son the [Twentieth] State Preceptor A Tsuta Maha Pandita, Gyurme Tashi Gyamtso, the Dharma Lord of the great Translated Words of the Buddha, there were twenty excellent gurus. During these years, they were exclusively the lords who maintained and disseminated the lineage of the teachings and were the disciples of the victorious dharma lords of Katok [Monastery]. They also made offerings to and relied upon the deities of The Eight Pronouncements : Yamantaka, Vajrakila, and the protector the Mahakala as their supportive deities. They engaged exclusively in the root of all teachings called the Nyingma—the profound path of the secret Vajrayana [tradition] of the great and secret Early Translations, the tradition of the victorious Lake-Born, [ 172 ] who is the immortal and universal embodiment of all the victorious ones of the three times. Since the gurus and chiefs [of this clan] were self-composed, they could continue with their own tradition. They did not follow other traditions other than [Nyingma] and were not distracted by the vast selection of new or higher teachings. The forty-fourth successor and twenty-second successor [counting from Genghis Khan] was the great lord and doctor Sanggye Tendzin. [ 173 ] During his time, he performed excellent services to the Dharma King [of Derge] and his nephew. The king favoured him, granting great privileges. Our people found that he was quite dignified and paid him high respects as they prospered in wealth and reputation. At the age of eighty-seven he passed away, having greatly benefited beings, teaching medicine, and administering treatments His younger brother, the [Twentieth] State Preceptor, the great scholar and adept Gyurme Tashi Gyamtso received, trained in, and learnt [many teachings], relying upon many excellent teachers. These included Katok Drung Rinpoche, Minling Trichen Namgyel (1765–1812), Venerable Guru Mingyur Peldron (1699–1769), and the Second Dzogchen [Gyurme Tekchok Tendzin] (1699–1758). [ 174 ] There were many people to whom he offered the gift of the excellent teachings. These included the glorious and sacred master Katok Drung Rinpoche, Drime Zhing Gonpo (b. 1724), Gyelse Orgyen Tenpel, Gyelse Pema Namgyel, Karshing Rigdzin Chenpo, Minling Tri Trinle Namgyel (1765–1812), Khenchen Orgyen Tendzin Dorje (b.1742), Dordrak Rigdzin Chenpo Kham Sum Zilnon, the Eighteenth Lhatsun Zhabdrung, and Khampa Dzogchen Tulku Ngedon Tendzin Zangpo (1759–1792). [ 175 ] Most of their monastic students and other countless students from the north [of Tibet] were united through a single golden thread of bearing commitments to the teachings. These include people of Gome (Dome), Rongpo, Tsako, and Gyelmo Rong as well as the King of Dardo Chakla and the Lord Prince Lodro Gyamtso along with his mother, minister, and other government officials. [ 176 ] In brief, during the entirety of his life, his good and excellent deeds shone in all directions, and he passed away in the Water Ox Year (1793) at the age of eighty. Gyurme Tashi Gyamtso was alive, sometime during his fifties, he received from Changkya Rolwai Dorje [ 177 ] the title of State Preceptor A Tsuta Maha Pandita Maha Guru Sara, [ 178 ] or the supreme guru of the great crown jewel. Manchu Emperor Po Hwong also granted him many privileges and an ample amount of high respect. Emperor Po Hwong was the son of Kanshin, who was in turn the son of Emperor Dekyi, son of Pogto, the first Manchu Emperor. [ 179 ] During the time of this guru and lord, the remaining noble familial lineage of Barchung Tseyak Gyel of Tromkyi Shugu had ceased. [ 180 ] As such, they earnestly said there is no other way [for them to continue their familial line] unless they were gifted a son from the genuine, great, and noble Genghis Khan family—the Pen, Kyab, and Yak [families]. The lords agreed that it was suitable [for them to receive a child] from the highest family [of Genghis Khan]. However, there were only two boys, one of whom would be a guru and the other a lord. Penkor Delek Rabten’s second son, Gyamtso Tar, was chosen to be given to the Parkha family as their lord following the divinations and astrological calculations. [ 181 ] The forty-fifth successor, Lord Gonpo Wanggyel, [ 182 ] was a sound person, but he was weak and lost his power to the hands of others. At this time, the misdeeds of Lakho, an incapable person of the Yakkor community, [ 183 ] came to fruition, and a great number of our clan fled towards Namtsho Lake in the north. Afterwards, many of our settlements and families scattered to places like Serkhok, Gyade, and Shokpa. [ 184 ] The Lord [Gonpo Wanggyel] himself did not live past his fifties. The younger brother, Je Won Guru Tendzin Norbu,[ 185 ] was the twenty-first successor [counting from Genghis Khan]. He relied upon many excellent masters principally his paternal uncle who was a guru and the great state preceptor. He performed admirable deeds of the excellent ones such as scholarship, nobility, and kindness, passing away at sixty-six. The forty-sixth successor was Lord Kunzang Namgyel, and his younger brother was Gegen Choying Tendzin. [ 186 ] During their adolescence, the Derge representatives could not hold onto their governance, losing it to the selfish and powerful lords of Getse. These lords did what they wanted, taking the remaining settlements and entire territory of Barchung. The forty-seventh successor was Barchung Sanggye Tashi, even though he was not given the title of Lord. He and his younger brother, Guru Jigme Chodar, were the last actual successive lords of Genghis Khan’s descendants. [ 187 ] After these two brothers there were no more successive guru seat holders who were genuine descendants of the Genghis Khan lineage. However, the lord Won Guru Tendzin Norbu’s direct student was Guru Drubchen Pema Wanggyel of Adro. [ 188 ] I, Gyurme Pema Chogyel, an itinerant monk, and supposedly his reincarnation, possessing the name of an emanation and of the Dru lineage, am the current lineage holder, and I am still alive. [ 189 ] Furthermore, Adro Guru Pema Gyamtso, an excellent and supreme student of Gyurme Tashi Gyamtso, and the Derge retreatant and excellent guru, our own nephew Guru Kunzang Dargye also lived at the same time as Je Won Guru [Tendzin Norbu]. [ 190 ] COLOPHON Thus, The Ruby Garland i s a document of the genealogy of the Divine, Great Emperor Uhu Genghis Khan, an emanation of Manjughosha, and the state preceptors and gurus connected with that genealogy. Gyurme Pema Chogyel, also known as Rigdzin Tubten Gelek Pelzangpo Chokle Nampar Gyelwai De, the Twenty-Third State Preceptor of Genghis Khan’s lineage wrote it. [ 191 ] It was composed on a virtuous day in the sixth month of the Water Mouse Year (1852?) to fulfil the wishes of Lord Rigdzin, [ 192 ] a descendant of Gyamtso Tar, who is unmistakably Genghis Khan’s descendent and State Preceptor, Santang Ola Pen. [ 193 ] May it be victorious! As the ancient saying goes: “The immutable fort is the Fort of Yerkhen Dazhi. The immutable lords are the descendants of the heavenly Genghis Khan. The immutable subjects are the communities of the three and nine districts. The number of subjects is said to be one hundred and fifty-five thousand, two hundred and ten.” A later saying posits: “The descendants of the heavenly Genghis Khan governed the left, right, lower, and central regional divisions of Kokonor. There were three thousand and two hundred black nomadic tents, sixty families, and over three hundred lord families. Thus, these are the two sayings [associated with the descendants of Genghis Khan].” After some time, when they arrived in the south, there were three communities of lords: Pen, Kyab, and Yak. There were nine communities of subjects: Ja, Tak, and Gur, three communities of ministers: Gya, Tsen and A, and the three communities of subjects: Gon, Sok, and Gyo. Within those twelve [ 194 ] communities numbered around one hundred and eighty families. It is said that during the time of the Lord Tsodze Chenpo [ 195 ] and the state preceptor gurus and brothers [Tashi Gyamtso and Sanggye Tendzin], the status [of the whole community] was higher than that of Brahma. May it be victorious! NOTES [1 ] rlangs [2] ta'i ming, 大名 [3] dmu thag [4] sbor ta' ching [5] ta' chi gan; tham cha ga [6] ching ji mer gan [7] la'u dza be ra 'ol and sis kin dun [8] sems dza 'o dzi and la ju [9] nun mer gan [10] a lan kho and len lun mo'o ma [11] bo ton char and char mer gan [12] ga chi the'i ho'u; sbi khir [13] man tho don; ga'i thu gan [14] ba'i shing; kho ra thog shing [15] dum bi ha'i khan; ga bu la gan [16] bar than bA' dur; ye phur ga bA dur [17] ching gis rgyal po'am jing gir [18] ye phur ga ba dur; mo hu lun [19] The original text states this is the Water Male Tiger Year. [20] the mun jen and tha'i tsu zhing u hu wang rdI, 皇帝 [21] The original text states thirty-eight. [22] gdung brgyud this tsi, 太子 [23] ju chi; thog mog [24] cha ga ta'i; chin wang, 亲王; thod dkar [25] Yardkand or Yarkent (yer khen) is currently a county in Uyghur Autonomous Region and used to belong to Chagatai Khanate. [26] khal kha don 'grub wang, 'ju, and 'bar chung [27] sras this tsi; a b+ho la [28] i ma ma hu li; sa dmar gyi mkhar [29] a ti ra ma hA ma ri; bA la sha'i mkhar [30] kong kha ra to lo; rom and sdom la'i mkhar [31] the mur; o ru kho; and mkhar b+hu ha [32] u go ta; tha'i tsung ing wen hu wang rdI [33] go yug; ting tsung sti yan phing hu wang rdI [34] stong kha tho lo [35] mung khe; Shi yan tsung hu ban su hu wang rdI; mong gol gan gya [36] u la go ta [37] hu pi la'i; se chen gan gyar [38] se chen gan gya [39] ba hu wang [40] the mur, or ching tshung ku wang Shi'o 'u hu wang rdI [41] ul jo'i thu', or ol ja du [42] kwi zhi'u yung thang [43] khin cha [44] gzhi son; h+phu sang; si yang [45] dwa'i yu'an, 大元; and chen po hor [46] u tshung Shan Sho'i hu wang rdI, or khu lug, or go yug [47] a yu par sa ta zhin tshung khin Shi'u hu, or bu yan thu rgyal po [48] shu b+ho pha la yin tsung wen Shi 'u hu wang rdI, or ko kon rgyal po [49] yi sun the mur jing wang thi'i ting rgyal po [50] ra khyi phag, or a su ki ba [51] thug tho mur [52] ku sha la ming tsung rgyal po, or ku la go thu [53] the mur wen tsung ja ya thu [54] rin chen dpal [55] blon chen em tha mur tha shris [56] tho gan the mur hu'i tsung zhun hu wang rdI, or u hA rgyal po [57] tA'i ming tha'i tsung rgyal po [58] tho gar the mur [59] hor legs ldan zhu thog rgyal po; gtsang pa sde srid karma bstan skyong dbang po [60] tI shri [61] tha'i tsung rgyal po [62] hu'ang kyo'u zi lha khang [63] The priest-patron relationship, or mchod yon, played a pivotal role in the history of Tibet by establishing connections with other dynasties including the Yuan, Ming, and Qing. [64] kyi hun [65] ye wung g.yung lo chen po [66] bzhin rdzung [67] zon de [68] ci thung [69] kyin tha [70] then shun [71] There are spelling variances in the text with ton shun, thon shun, and ten shun, alluding to the same individual. [72] ye dbang [73] the shun [74] u tsung, zhi tsung; shon tsung; khrung tsun [75] li tsi ching [76] tha'i tsung bog to rgyal po; zhi tsu hu wang rdI; mug ton; man ju sog po ching hwa [77] tI shri blon chen po [78] tha'i tsu zhing phu hu wang rdI [79] this tsi gnyi pa cha ga tA'i la chin wang rgyal gpo [80] Yerkhen and Yarkant are the same fortress. [81] tI shri blon chen po 01, chos rjes yon tan dpal, slob dpon gsan su twan zhin. It is also important to mention here that bla rab and tI shri are interchangeable in the text. [82] kaHtok gtsang ston rdo rje rgyal mtshan; byams pa 'bum [83] a bO la Jing wang [84] tI shri blon chen po 02, chos rje ye shes rgyal mtshan dpal; thung Shuwan dA sha'i [85] han wang kho la jing [86] tI shri blon chen po 03, chos rje dge legs dpal; h+pho zhi ku wang gi po'u dA sha'i [87] tA wang gnas go ye; lha khang ta'i tis tur [88] tI shri blon chen po 04, chos rje sbyin pa dpal; wu wan h+pha h+pha gi yo'u dA shi'i [89] gsan wang tho mer [90] tI shri blon chen po 05, chos rje rgya mtsho dpal; u wan h+pha tho'u yin mi'o'u si wan dA sha'i [91] yer khen dA zhi Ta wang [92] tI shri blon chen po 06, chos rje byams pa dpal; wu wan h+pha thung Shu wan dA sha'i [93] h+phu tA'i wang u lke be [94] tI shri blon chen po 07, 'khyil ba kun dga dpal; Thu wan h+phu thung si wan dA sha'i [95] shrIr rna dA la'i wang [96] tI shri blon chen po 08, chos rjes rgyal mtshan 'bum [97] ma ga shrI pha la yon wang [98] tI shri blon chen po 09, chos rjes byang chub dpal; Thu wan h+pha Shu'an u dE sha'i [99] gsan wang ol go the mu [100] ti shri 10 pur+N+ye shri [101] ching gin dA la'i wang kun dga' rdo rj rgyal po [102] gsan zhi tA wang ching [103] hor khal ka Don 'grub wang chen po [104] tI shri blon chen po 11, slob dpon zhi bad pal, hu wang me'i zi'i bdag po; thung hu dA sha'i [105] gser yig [106] ha'u phu yan tA ko [107] a mnyes sngags pa mdung nag can bcu gsum [108] kun dga' rdo rje [109] ching gin gsan wang gau shri dbang phyug rgyal mtshan [110] u le yerk hen dwa zhis rdzong; bsang hor; o rod [111] tI wang ye then thog tu [112] tI shri blon chen po 12, chos rjes dri med dpal, thung Shi wan mi nyi gi yo'u ya mi dA sha'i; mdo sngags mkhas grub gsang ba'i bdag po [113] bdag po tho gan the mur [114] tA'i ming tha'i tsung rgyal po [115] tA las wang thang Thir thi mang+ga shri [116] tI shri blon chen po 13, chos rjes mtha' yas dpal, min than Ta to yu wan bzhun thung gi yo'u dA sha'i; gdams pa'i bka' babs yon tan gter mdzod kha sbyor mchog ldan rgyal bstan 'degs pa [117] i la si kyi wang pa cha ra [118] tI shri blon chen po 14, chos rjes bka shis dga' wa'i dpal, lin than dA te kha'i san Shi'o thung gi yo'u dA sha'i; gdams pa'i bka' babs yon tan gter mdzod bslab gsum 'dom spel rgyal brtsan zhabs nas 'degs pa [119] The temples and their districts include: (1) lha khang chong ti dE ba – u le yerk hen dwa zhis rdzong (2) lha hang ra phu dE ba – o rong rdzong (3) lha khang a yur dE ba – ma la pu n+rar rdzong (4) lha khang si'u pa ti dE ba – dA’un tsung gi rdzong (5) lha khang sas si so to dE ba – mong ra mkhar rdzong (6) lha khang on sa ge dE ba – the bo ra si rdzong (7) lha khang mi nyi gi dE ba – 'o shan ba si rdzong [120] el ce wang gsan gau shri [121] tA'i ming ye dbang ngam g.yung lo chen po [122] tI shri blon chen po 15, chos rjes bla chen 'od zer dpal ba [123] TU'i lu zi gi yo'u tu tsung thung dA'u thung Ton Ti Than shi'i khing zho'u Tar le'u [124] klong chen pa dri med 'od zer, BDRC P1583 [125] tA wang tho lo ge chi [126] tI shri blon chen po 02, ra rna ko tu [127] tA las wang gsi bi Tha nA tha [128] tI shri blon chen po 17, chos rjes rgyal mtshan dpal; kha'i san Thi'o kyang Thu wang dwa Theng kyas min than shi'i [129] tA las bA dur thar ba skyabs [130] rgyal po tA las wang gsi [131] 'phen skor; skyabs skor; yag skor; and rje nges tsho gsum [132] 'ja' mo; stag len; and gur shul [133] gsan wang tA shir o la 'phen [134] dwa ben tshe ring skyabs; su ki ni tho lod yag [135] tI shri blon chen po 18, chos rjes legs pa dpal; h+phu tsung hung gi yo'u dA sha'i; brgyud skyongs bstan spel [136] ye wan the bun tsi tA gau shri [137] tI shri blon chen po 19, chos rjes bson nams dpal; sa h+pho ki yo phud man dA sha'i [138] tA'i ming tho shun rgyal po [139] mtsho sngon; o rod tsho yan bzhi bcu; rma stod [140] dwa'i chen rgyal po and shar rdza [141] jing gir wang chen po [142] According to 'ju dgon po sprul sku, bar won is in them chen district under Qinghai province. [143] 'bangs [144] mug ton thang tsung bog to rgyal po; sog man ju chang hwa [145] hor legs ldan [146] cha dkar mtsho brgyad [147] gsan shrI gung mgon po rgyal [148] bde skyid rgyal po [149] blon chen sog po rgyal gau shri bstan 'dzin chos rgyal [150] zi ling and sbra nag [151] 'bar chung che de yag rgyal; yag skor dbu chen pad+ma dbang drag [152] rdza rgyud; hor ma zur tsang [153] wa shul khram thar khog [154] shug gur [155] dbu chen sad dbang; zla khog [156] gser khog [157] gung ru ja sag dpon gnam lha yag [158] mkha' 'gro blo bzang bstan skyong [159] 1. 'ju nang so; 2. sog sde bA; 3. ser shul [160] ha'u phu yan tA ko; mong ra mkhar rdzong [161] 4. thar shul; 5 'bum shul rnying, 6 dpon po; 7 bA dur; 8 khrims bza' gong; 9 dge mang; 10 mang dge; 11 chis tAn; 12 che wo; 13 dge rtse gong; 14 dge 'gab; 15 khrom 'gab; 16 a rig bza'; 17 dpon rgyu; 18 a se bA yan; and 19 'bum gsar [162] dar lung [163] o rgyan tshe ring; dpon tsang sangs bstan 'dzin [164] tI shri 20, chos rjes 'gyur med bkra shis rgya mtsho; mkhas grub chen po 'a tsU Ta ma hA paN Ti ta ma hA gu ru sa ra; BDRC P8741 [165] lcags 'phrang [166] me tog mda' can ('dod lha ) is the god of desire. [167] rdo rje brag dgon; smin grol gling [168] 1 'ja' mo; 2 stag len; 3 gur shul; 4 rgya rog bE li; 5 tsan no be hu; 6 a lcog be cang; 7 sog po; 8 mgo rtsa; 9 gye za [169] sde dge rgyal po 10 bstan pa tshe ring, BDRC P4095 [170] 'phen skor 'bar chung bde legs rab brten – gner chen; skyabs skor 'bar chung ye shes tshe brtan and yag skor 'bar chung rgyal mtshan 'bum – mdun skor nang ma; and rgya, tsan, and a – blon [171] rdza hu ra ma; lcags thag 'phrang kha man; sa ku ti; rdza gsang ha cag 'ga' ma phu; hu ra; mar sgo womp u ring; gsang khri; rdza rgyab smug mo [172] mtsho 'khrung [173] sangs rgyas bstan 'dzin [174] kaH thog drung rin po che; smin gling khri chen 05 'phrin las rnam rgyal, BDRC P674 (It is not clear to us whether this is the Third Throne Holder rin chen rnam rgyal (1694–1758; BDRC P674 ) or the Fifth Throne Holder mentioned in this paragraph.); rje bla ma mi 'gyur dpal sgron, BDRC P678 ; and rdzogs chen grub dbang 02 'gyur med theg mchog bstan 'dzin, BDRC P677 [175] kaH thog drung rin po che; dri med zhing mgon po, BDRC P5972 ; rgyal sras o rgyan bstan 'phel; rgyal sras pad ma rnam rgyal; mkhar shing rig 'dzin chen po; smin gling khri chen 'phrin las rnam rgyal; smin gling mkhan chen 03 o rgyan bstan 'dzin rdo rje, BDRC P683 ; rdor brag rig 'dzin chen po khams gsum zil gnon; lha btsun 18 zhabs drung; khams pa rdzogs chen grub dbang 03 nges don bstan 'dzin bzang, BDRC P7404 [176] sgo me/rdo me; rong bo; tsa kho; rgyal mo rong; dar mdo lcags la mi che sa’i rgyal ba/mi nyag lcags la rgyal po; bdag po lha sras blo gros rgya mtsho [177] lcang skya rol pa'i rdo rje [178] tI shrir tsU Ta ma Ti ma hA ru sa rA [179] man ju bog to sras/ bde skyid rgyal po/ de sras khang shin/ de sras rgyal po hwong [180] krom kyi shu gur 'bar chung tshe yag rgyal [181] rgya mtsho thar; 'phen skor bde legs rab brten; phar kha [182] dpon mgon po dbang rgyal [183] yag skor ba bla kho [184] gser khog; rgya sde; shog pa [185] rje dbon bla ma bstan 'dzin nor bu [186] dpon kun bzang rnam rgyal; dge rgan chos dbyings bstan 'dzin [187] 'bar chung sangs rgyas bkra shis; bla ma 'jigs med chos dar [188] a gro bla ma sgrub chen pad+ma dbang rgyal [189] 'gyur med pad+ma chos rgyal; 'bru rigs [190] a gro bla ma pad+ma rgya mtsho; kun bzang dar rgyas [191] bla rab 'dzin pa 23 rig 'dzin tub bstan dge legs dpal bzang po phyogs las rnam par rgyal ba'i sde [192] dpon rig 'dzin [193] gsan Tang tI shri o la 'phen [194] The text states thirteen communities, however, there are only twelve. [195] dpon 'tsho mdzad chen po BIBLIOGRAPHY 'Gyur med pad+ma chos rgyal. 1852?. ' Jam dbyangs brtan pa'i 'khor lo'i sgyu 'phrul gyi rol gar 'od gsal gnam gyi lha zhing u hu wang jing gir gyi gdung rab yi ger bkod pa pad+ma rA ga'i phreng ba zhes bya ba bzhugs so . London: Tib Shelf W001 Abstract The Ruby Garland is a genealogy of the Tibetan clans Barchung and Ju, descended from Genghis Khan. It might be the only Tibetan historical document that holds a clear account of Buddhism's existence in Mongolia during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). Parallel historical narratives can be found in the official historical records of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Shi (明史). TIB SHELF W001 DOWNLOAD TRANSLATION GO TO TRANSLATION LISTEN TO AUDIO 00:00 / 00:27 HISTORICAL PERIOD 13th Century 14th Century 15th Century 16th Century 17th Century 18th Century 19th Century CLAN Barchung LORDS 1. Genghis Khan 2. Chagatai Khan 3. Borta Ching (pending) 4. Hanwang Khola Jing 5. Tawang Negoye 6. Sanwang Tomer 7. Yerkhen Dazhi Tawang 8. Hputai Wang Ulkebe 9. Shrir Nadalai Wang 10. Maga Shri Palayon Wang 11. Sanwang Olgo Temu 12. Chinggi Dalai Wang Kunga Dorje 13. Wangchuk Gyeltsen 14. Tiwang Yeten Toktu 15. Tale Wangtang Tirti Mangga Shri 16. Ila Sikyi Wangpa Chara 17. Elche Wangsan Gaushri 18. Tawang Tolo Gechi 19. Tale Wangsiwi Tanata 20. Sanwang Tashir Ola Pen 21. Yewan Tebun Tsita Gaushri 22. Sanshri Gung Gonpo Gyel 23. Namlha Yak 24. Sanggye Tendzin 25. Gonpo Wanggyel 26. Kunzang Namgyel 27. Sanggye Tashi STATE PRECEPTORS 1. Dharma Lord Yonten Pel 2. Dharma Lord Yeshe Gyeltsen Pel 3. Dharma Lord Gelek Pel 4. Dharma Lord Jinpa Pel 5. Dharma Lord Gyamtso Pel 6. Dharma Lord Jampa Pel 7. Khyilwa Kunga Pel 8. Dharma Lord Gyeltsen Bum 9. Dharma Lord Jangchub Pel 10. Purnye Shri 11. Zhiwa Pel 12. Dharma Lord Drime Pel 13. Dharma Lord Taye Pel 14. Dharma Lord Tashi Gawai Pel 15. Dharma Lord Lachen Ozer Pelwa 16. Rana Kotu 17. Dharma Lord Gyeltsen Pel 18. Dharma Lord Lekpa Pel 19. Dharma Lord Sonam Pel 20. Dharma Lord Lama Gyurme Tashi Gyatso No State Preceptors for two Generations 21. Lama Tendzin Norbu 22. Choying Tendzin 23. Lama Jigme Chodar (no title and end of bloodline) 24. Drubchen Pema Wanggyel (lama of the lineage) 25. Gyurme Pema Chogyel (author) TRANSLATOR Tib Shelf Rachael Griffiths INSTITUTIONS N/A STUDENTS N/A AUTHOR Gyurme Pema Chögyal The Ruby Garland: A Genealogy of the Emperor Uhu Wang Genghis Khan VIEW ALL PUBLICATIONS NEXT PUBLICATION > < PREVIOUS PUBLICATION Home Publications Read Listen Watch People Information About Meet the Team Services Translators Terms of Use Privacy Policy Donate Subscribe to our newsletter Support Tib Shelf's ongoing work & Subscribe Today! Name * Email* Submit Tib Shelf is a not-for-profit organisation dedicated to translating, presenting and preserving primary source Tibetan texts across a vast array of genres and time periods. 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A heartfelt prayer to the ḍākinīs of three worlds, composed at Pemokö's Dudul Dewa Chenpo, seeking blessings to master the Vajrayāna path for all beings' benefit. The Magical Lasso: A Prayer of Aspiration to Accomplish Khecara ཨེ་མ་ཧོ། emaho Emaho! སྣང་གྲགས་འགྱུ་བའི་ཆོས་རྣམས་ཀུན། ། nangdrak gyuwé chönam kün All phenomena which appear, resound, and pass through the mind འཇོ་སྒེག་ལྷ་མོའི་རྣམ་འགྱུར་དུ། ། jogek lhamö namgyur du Are the appearances of the charming goddess, ཅིར་ཡང་རོལ་པའི་སྒྱུ་འཕྲུལ་ཅན། ། chiryang rölpé gyutrül chen Who magically displays as anything whatsoever: རང་རིག་ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ཆེན་མོར་འདུད། ། rangrig chakgya chenmor dü To the reflexive awareness of the Great Seal Mahāmudrā, I bow down. ཐོག་མཐའ་མེད་པའི་རྡོ་རྗེའི་སེམས། ། togta mepé dorjé sem Through the vajra mind, which has neither beginning nor end འཁོར་འདས་ཀུན་ལ་ཁྱབ་པ་ཡིས། ། khordé künla khyabpa yi And which pervades the whole of saṃsāra and nirvāṇa, འཆིང་དང་གྲོལ་མཛད་དེ་དང་དེར། ། chingdang drölzé dedang der You manifest in untold ways for those who are bound and set free— ཅིར་ཡང་འཆར་བའི་ལྷ་ཚོགས་དགོངས། ། chiryang charwé lhatsok gong Assembly of deities, please consider me! བདག་ནི་ཐོག་མ་མེད་པ་ནས། ། dagni tokma mepa né Throughout beginningless time, ཀུན་ནས་དཀྲིས་པས་རྣམ་པར་དཀྲུགས། ། küné tripé nampar truk I have been plagued by my [mental] entanglements, ལས་ཉོན་སྲ་བའི་ཞགས་པས་བཅིངས། ། lenyön sawé shakpé ching And the intractable lasso of karma and afflictions has tightened around me ཉམ་ཐག་འཁོར་བའི་གནས་སུ་འཁྱམས། ། nyamtak khorwé nesu khyam As I wander through the destitute abodes of saṃsāra. ད་ནི་འཇིགས་པས་ཡིད་གདུངས་ཏེ། ། dani jigpé yidung té Now my mind is tortured by fear, སྐྱབས་གནས་ཁྱེད་རྣམས་མ་ལགས་པའི། ། kyabné khyenam malak pé So from the depth of my heart, I take refuge in you, གཙོ་བོ་གཞན་དུ་སྐྱབས་མ་མཆིས། ། tsowo shendu kyabma chi For there are no principal protectors other than you, སྙིང་ནས་ཁྱོད་ལ་སྐྱབས་སུ་མཆི། ། nyingné khyöla kyabsu chi The sources of refuge! གདུང་བའི་མིག་ནས་མཆི་མ་འཁྲུག ། dungwé migné chima truk Tears flood from my despairing eyes; སྐྱོ་བའི་སྨྲེ་སྔགས་ཤུགས་རིང་འབྱིན། ། kyowé mengak shugring jin I cry out in sorrow and sigh deeply; བཟོད་མེད་སྙིང་རླུང་ཁོང་ནས་ལངས། ། sömé nyinglung khongné lang And an unbearable melancholy arises from within; གསོལ་བ་འདེབས་པ་འདི་གཟིགས་སམ། ། sölwa debpa disik sam Can you not perceive this supplication of mine? ཀྱེ་མ་བདག་ནི་ཁྱོད་བསམས་ནས། ། kyema dagni khyösam né Alas, I have been thinking of you ཉིན་མཚན་ལེ་བར་མ་མཆིས་པར། ། nyintsen lewar machi par Uninterruptedly, day and night. གདུང་བས་སྐྱབས་སུ་རེ་བ་ལ། ། dungwé kyabsu rewa la And so, will you not compassionately consider ཐུགས་རྗེས་དགོངས་པར་མི་མཛད་དམ། ། tugjé gongpar mizé dam My yearning hope for refuge? གཏིང་མཐའ་མེད་པའི་རྒྱ་མཚོ་འདིར། ། tingta mepé gyatso dir In this bottomless and boundless ocean, གནས་བཅས་འཇིགས་པས་གཙེས་པའི་དུས། ། neché jigpé tsepé dü When its inhabitants are oppressed by fear, དབུགས་དབྱུང་གཟེངས་བསྟོད་མི་མཛད་ན། ། ugyung sengtö mizé na If you do not provide respite and encouragement, ཁྱོད་ཀྱི་ཐུགས་རྗེས་ཅི་ཞིག་བྱ། ། khyökyi tugjé chishik ja What is the use of your compassion? ཡུན་རིང་དུས་ནས་བསྒྲུབས་པ་ཡིས། ། yünring düné drubpa yi As I have engaged in your practice for a long time, མ་གཅིག་ལྷ་མོ་ཁྱེད་རྣམས་ཀྱི། ། machik lhamo khyenam kyi Sole mother goddess, མཛེས་ཞལ་ནམ་མཁའི་རྗེས་འགྲོ་བ། ། dzéshal namkhé jedro wa Will you not deign to reveal just a tiny portion of ཟུར་ཙམ་སྟོན་པར་མི་གནང་ངམ། ། surtsam tönpar minang ngam Your exquisite face that resembles the sky? ལས་ཉོན་སྲ་བའི་དཔྱང་ཐག་འདི། ། lenyön sawé changtak di This tight collar of karma and mental afflictions, ཕན་མཛད་ཐུགས་རྗེའི་རལ་གྲི་ཡིས། ། penzé tugjé raldri yi If you do not swiftly act to sever it མྱུར་དུ་གཅོད་པར་མི་མཛད་ན། ། nyurdu chöpar mizé na With the beneficial sword of compassion, ཁྱོད་ཀྱི་ཐུགས་དམ་མི་ཉམས་སམ། ། khyökyi tugdam minyam sam Would this not undermine your sacred commitments? ཁྱོད་ཀྱང་སྔོན་གྱི་དུས་ཀྱི་ཚེ། ། khyökyang ngöngyi dükyi tsé When even in your previous lives, བདག་ལྟར་རྨོངས་པ་ཞིག་ལགས་ན། ། dagtar mongpa shiklak na You were once deluded like me; སྒོ་གསུམ་མི་ཤེས་བག་མེད་པས། ། gosum mishé bagmé pé If, through unawareness and carelessness of my three doors, ནོངས་པར་ཐུགས་ཀྱང་འཁྲུག་མི་འཚལ། ། nongpar tukyang trugmi tsal I make mistakes, there is no need to be upset. ཤིན་ཏུ་བཙོག་པའི་རྐྱལ་པ་ལ། ། shintu tsogpé kyalpa la How could the excellent nature arise རང་བཞིན་བཟང་པོ་ཅི་ལ་འཆར། ། rangshin sangpo chila char In such a filthy leather bag [as this body]? དེ་ཕྱིར་བདག་གིས་ནོངས་པ་རྣམས། ། dechir dagi nongpa nam Compassionate one, for this reason, བཟོད་པར་བཞེས་ཤིག་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཅན། ། söpar shéshik tugjé chen Please be patient with the mistakes I have made! རྩ་གསུམ་ལྷ་ཡི་འཁོར་ལོ་ནས། ། tsasum lhayi khorlo né Bless me so that I may be benefitted བེམ་པོའི་རྣམ་འགྱུར་ཚུན་ཆད་ཀྱིས། ། bempö namgyur tsünché kyi By whatever manifestations are appropriate, བཀོད་པ་གང་ལ་གང་འཚམས་པས། ། köpa gangla gangtsam pé From the maṇḍalas of Three Root deities བདག་ལ་ཕན་པར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། ། dagla penpar jingyi lob Down to expressions of inanimate form! གཟུགས་སུ་སྣང་བའི་དངོས་པོ་ཀུན། ། suksu nangwé ngöpo kün As all things which visibly appear མཐོང་བ་ཙམ་གྱིས་ཡིད་འཕྲོག་པའི། ། tongwa tsamgyi yitrok pé Arise as the display of the lovely and beautiful goddess, མཛེས་སྡུག་ལྷ་མོའི་རོལ་པར་ཤར། ། dzeduk lhamö rölpar shar Whose mere glance is enchanting; བདེ་ཆེན་འབར་བར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། ། dechen barwar jingyi lob Please bless me that the great bliss blazes forth! ཟིན་དང་མ་ཟིན་སྒྲ་རྣམས་ཀུན། ། sindang masin dranam kün As all sounds, whether natural or deliberately produced, གྲག་སྟོང་སྔགས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོར་འབྱོངས། ། dragtong ngakyi khorlor jong Manifest as the wheel of mantra—sound and emptiness, རླུང་སྔགས་གཉིས་སུ་མི་ཕྱེད་པའི། ། lungngak nyisu miché pé Please bless me so that the power of ནུས་པ་འབབ་པར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། ། nüpa babpar jingyi lob The indivisibility of prāṇa and mantra arises! རྟོག་ཚོགས་གང་ཤར་སྣང་བ་ཀུན། ། togtsok gangshar nangwa kün Let whatever conceptual patterns arise, all appearances, སྔོན་བསུ་རྗེས་གཅོད་མེད་པར་དེངས། ། ngönsu jechö mepar deng Dissipate without being anticipated or pursued; རང་སར་བཞག་པས་ཆོས་སྐུར་གྲོལ། ། rangsar shakpé chökur dröl And as I allow them to rest in their own place, so that they are liberated in the dharmakāya, རྟོགས་པ་འབར་བར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། ། togpa barwar jingyi lob Please bless me so that realisation may blaze forth! གནས་གསུམ་མཁའ་འགྲོ་མ་ལུས་པ། ། nesum khandro malü pa May all ḍākinīs of the three worlds རང་དབང་མེད་པར་གྲོགས་སུ་ཁུག ། rangwang mepar drogsu khuk Be summoned irresistibly as companions; ཡིད་ཀྱི་རེ་བ་སྐོང་བྱེད་པའི། ། yikyi rewa kongjé pé Please bless me that they may grant the attainments དངོས་གྲུབ་སྩོལ་བར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། ། ngödrub tsölwar jingyi lob That fulfil the hopes within my mind! དམ་ཅན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་མ་ལུས་པས། ། damchen gyatso malü pé Let the ocean of oath-bound ones, without exception, འགལ་རྐྱེན་བར་ཆད་ཐམས་ཅད་སེལ། ། galkyen barché tamché sel Clear away all adversity and obstacles. རབ་འབྱམས་འཕྲིན་ལས་རྣམ་པ་བཞི། ། rabjam trinlé nampa shi Please bless me that they may accomplish, without hindrance, ཐོགས་མེད་བསྒྲུབ་པར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། ། togmé drubpar jingyi lob The infinite array of the four types of enlightened activity! བཟང་ངན་རྐྱེན་གྱི་བྱེ་བྲག་ཀུན། ། sangngen kyengyi jedrak kün Let the variety of good and bad conditions ཐམས་ཅད་རོ་གཅིག་རྒྱན་དུ་ཤར། ། tamché rochik gyendu shar Arise as the ornament of one taste. འདེམས་ངོའི་དགག་སྒྲུབ་མེད་པ་ཡི། ། demngö gagdrub mepa yi Please bless me to practice the yogic conduct བརྟུལ་ཞུགས་སྤྱོད་པར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། ། tülshuk chöpar jingyi lob In which there is no preference for cultivating or rejecting. སྣང་བ་སྟོང་པའི་རྩལ་དུ་ཤར། ། nangwa tongpé tsaldu shar As appearances arise as the dynamic expression of emptiness, སྟོང་པ་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ཉིད་དུ་ངེས། ། tongpa tendrel nyidu ngé And emptiness is ascertained as dependent arising itself, ཟུང་འཇུག་ཅོག་བཞག་ཆེན་པོར་འབྱམས། །་ sungjuk chogshak chenpor jam Please bless me [to attain] the Great Perfection རྫོགས་པ་ཆེན་པོར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། ། dzogpa chenpor jingyi lob And merge into the great, freely resting union. དབྱིངས་རིག་ཀ་དག་ཆེན་པོ་དང་། ། yingrik kadak chenpo dang The great primordial purity of space-awareness རྩལ་སྣང་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཐོད་རྒལ་གཉིས། ། tsalnang lhündrub tögal nyi And the spontaneously accomplished manifestation of dynamic energy, Leaping Over— རེས་འཇོག་ཕྱོགས་རེར་མ་གོལ་བའི། ། rejok chokrer magol wé Please bless me that I may practice the excellent path ལམ་བཟང་སྤྱོད་པར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། ། lamsang chöpar jingyi lob That does not stray into favouring one practice over another. དང་པོར་ཆོས་ཉིད་སྣང་བ་ཤར། ། dangpor chönyi nangwa shar First, the vision of dharmatā arises, བར་དུ་སྣང་བས་ཕྱོགས་ཀུན་ཁྱབ། ། bardu nangwé chok künkhyab Then, the visions extend in all directions, ཐ་མར་ཀུན་ཀྱང་དབྱིངས་སུ་ཐིམ། ། tamar künkyang yingsu tim Finally, everything dissolves into space; གྲོལ་སར་ཕྱིན་པར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། ། drölsar chinpar jingyi lob Please bless me to reach the state of liberation! གནས་མཆོག་པདྨོ་བཀོད་ལ་སོགས། ། nechok pemo köla sok In the naturally manifesting buddha-fields of Akaniṣṭha གནས་གསུམ་མཁའ་འགྲོ་ཀུན་འདུ་བའི། ། nesum khandro kün duwé And places where all ḍākinīs of the three worlds gather, རང་སྣང་འོག་མིན་ཞིང་རྣམས་སུ། ། rangnang ogmin shingnam su Supreme holy sites, such as Pemokö, འགྲོ་དོན་སྐྱོང་བར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། ། drodön kyongwar jingyi lob Please bless me to attend to beings’ benefit! དུས་གསུམ་རྒྱལ་བ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱིས། ། düsum gyalwa tamché kyi Please bless me that I may tame མངོན་སུམ་འདུལ་བར་མ་ནུས་པའི། ། ngönsum dülwar ma nüpé All beings of lesser fortune, however many there are, སྐལ་དམན་སྐྱེ་བོ་ཇི་སྙེད་པ། ། kalmen kyewo jinye pa Those whom all the victorious ones of the three times བདག་གིས་འདུལ་བར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། ། dagi dülwar jingyi lob Are incapable of taming directly! ནམ་མཁའ་ཟད་པར་མ་གྱུར་པར། ། namkha separ magyur par Please bless me that I may carry out the benefit of beings, སྐྱོ་ངལ་མེད་པའི་སྤྱོད་པ་ཡིས། ། kyongal mepé chöpa yi Tirelessly and without discouragement, འཕེལ་འགྲིབ་མེད་པ་འགྲོ་བའི་དོན། ། peldrib mepa drowé dön Without my actions waxing and waning, བདག་གིས་སྤྱོད་པར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། ། dagi chöpar jingyi lob Until space itself fades away! བདག་ནི་མཐོང་དང་ཐོས་པ་དང་། ། dagni tongdang töpa dang May all those who see or hear me, མིང་ཙམ་འཛིན་པར་བྱེད་པ་ཡང་། ། mingtsam dzinpar jepa yang Or even merely recall my name, ཁམས་གསུམ་འཁོར་བ་དོང་སྤྲུགས་ཏེ། ། khamsum khorwa dongtruk té Be delivered from the depths of saṃāra’s three realms. ཆམ་གཅིག་གྲོལ་བར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། ། chamchik drölwar jingyi lob Bless me that I may simultaneously liberate them all! གང་ཞིག་ཕན་པར་སེམས་པ་དང་། ། gangshik penpar sempa dang Bless me to train those whose minds are altruistic, བཏང་སྙོམས་བར་མ་དག་ཀྱང་རུང་། ། tangnyom barma dakyang rung As well as those with feelings of indifference, བརྙས་སྨོད་བརྡེག་འཚོག་མཚང་འབྲུ་བ། ། nyemö degtsok tsangdru wa And especially those who would disparage others, ལྷག་པར་འདུལ་བར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། ། lhakpar dülwar jingyi lob Or abuse them and expose their hidden faults. དུག་གསུམ་དྲག་པོས་རྒྱུད་སྦགས་ཤིང་། ། dugsum drakpö gyübak shing The beings whose mind streams are sullied by the intense three poisons, ངན་སོང་གསུམ་དང་ཁྱད་པར་དུ། ། ngensong sumdang khyepar du And those who experience the suffering of the three lower realms, བར་དོའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལ་སྤྱོད་པའི། ། bardö dugngal lachö pé And in particular the suffering of the intermediate state; འགྲོ་བ་འདུལ་བར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། ། drowa dülwar jingyi lob Please bless me so that I may tame them all! རིག་འཛིན་པདྨ་འབྱུང་གནས་དང་། ། rigzin pema jungné dang Please bless me so that my mind may be of one taste ཐུགས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་པར་རོ་གཅིག་པས། ། tugkyi gongpar rochik pé With the enlightened wisdom mind of Vidyādhara Padmasambhava, རྣམ་ཐར་མཉམ་པར་སྤྱོད་པ་ཡི། ། namtar nyampar chöpa yi And I may thereby accomplish the two aims དོན་གཉིས་འགྲུབ་པར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། ། dönnyi drubpar jingyi lob Through conduct that is comparable to his life of liberation! བདག་ནི་གལ་ཏེ་ཚེ་འདི་ལ། ། dagni galté tsedi la If I do not seize བཙན་ས་ཟིན་པར་མ་གྱུར་ན། ། tsensa sinpar magyur na The citadel [of enlightenment] in this life, ནམ་ཞིག་འཆི་བའི་དུས་ཀྱི་ཚེ། ། namshik chiwé dükyi tsé Then, when I reach the moment of death, ཁྱེད་རྣམས་བསུ་བའི་ཕྱིར་གཤེགས་ཤིག ། khyenam suwé chirshek shik May you all come back to welcome me. ཞལ་གྱི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་གསལ་པོར་སྟོན། ། shalgyi kyilkhor salpor tön May you clearly reveal the maṇḍala of your face, དབུགས་དབྱུང་གསུང་གི་སྣང་བ་སྩོལ། ། ugyung sunggi nangwa tsöl Bestow the elucidation of your comforting speech, བརྩེ་གདུང་མཛའ་བའི་ཐུགས་རྗེས་བཟུང་། ། tsedung dzawé tugjé sung Embrace me with your compassion of love, affection, and friendliness, འོད་གསལ་བདེ་བ་ཆེན་པོར་དྲོངས། ། ösal dewa chenpor drong And lead me to the great bliss of luminosity. འཁྲུལ་བའི་སྣང་བར་ཨ་འཐས་པའི། ། trülwé nangwar até pé When the terrors of the intermediate state arise བར་དོའི་འཇིགས་སྐྲག་ཤར་བ་ན། ། bardö jigtrak sharwa na As deluded perception solidifies, མདུན་བསུས་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་མཐའ་ནས་བརྟེན། ། dünsü gyabkyor tané ten Be a welcome in front, a support behind, and an assistance all around. འཁྲུལ་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་རང་སར་སྐྱོངས། ། trülpa tamché rangsar kyong Keep all delusions in their own place! བར་དོར་གྲོལ་བར་མ་གྱུར་ན། ། bardor drölwar magyur na If I am not liberated in the intermediate state, སྤྲུལ་པའི་ཞིང་ཁམས་སྣ་ཚོགས་སུ། ། trülpé shingkham natsok su May I be born on the stem of a lotus པདྨའི་སྡོང་པོ་ལས་སྐྱེས་ཏེ། ། pemé dongpo lekyé té In various emanated pure lands, མཚན་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ལུས་ཐོབ་ཤོག ། tsendang denpé lütob shok And may I obtain a body endowed with the marks of enlightenment! སྤྱན་དང་མངོན་ཤེས་གཟུངས་སྤོབས་སོགས། ། chendang ngönshé sungpob sok Through the limitless gates of meditative absorption, ཏིང་འཛིན་སྒོ་བརྒྱ་མཐའ་ཡས་པས། ། tingzin gogya tayé pé Including the divine eye, clairvoyance, retention, and eloquence, བདག་རྒྱུད་ལྷག་པར་ཕྱུག་པ་དང་། ། dagyü lhagpar chugpa dang May my mind stream become abundantly enriched, འཕྲིན་ལས་རྣམ་བཞིར་དབང་འབྱོར་ཤོག ། trinlé namshir wangjor shok And may I gain mastery over the four kinds of enlightened activity! འབྱུང་བཞིའི་གནོད་པས་མི་བརྫི་ཞིང་། ། jungshi nöpé mizi shing May I not fall victim to harm from the four elements, འཆི་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེའི་སྐུ་གྲུབ་སྟེ། ། chimé dorjé kudrub té And may I accomplish the deathless vajra-body, རྡོ་རྗེ་ཐེག་པའི་རྣལ་འབྱོར་གྱི། ། dorjé tegpé naljor gyi And thus complete the paths and stages of maturation and liberation སྨིན་གྲོལ་ས་ལམ་མཐར་ཕྱིན་ཤོག ། mindröl salam tarchin shok Of the Vajrayāna yoga! མདོར་ན་གནས་སྐབས་ཐམས་ཅད་དུ། ། dorna nekab tamché du In brief, may the ocean of ḍākinīs grant their blessings, རང་དང་གཞན་གྱི་དོན་གང་ཡིན། ། rangdang shengyi döngang yin That I may accomplish ཐམས་ཅད་མཁའ་འགྲོ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཡིས། ། tamché khandro gyatso yi All that is beneficial to myself and others གཡེལ་མེད་བསྒྲུབ་པར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། ། yelmé drubpar jingyi lob In all circumstances without ever wavering! དུས་གསུམ་བསགས་པའི་དགེ་ཚོགས་དང་། ། düsum sagpé getsok dang Through the accumulation of virtue gathered throughout the three times, ཁྱད་པར་རྩ་གསུམ་ལྷ་ཚོགས་ཀྱི། ། khyepar tsasum lhatsok kyi And in particular, the power of the truth of the inconceivable compassion ཐུགས་རྗེ་བསམ་གྱིས་མི་ཁྱབ་པའི། ། tugjé samgyi mikhyab pé of the Three Roots and the assembly of the deities, བདེན་མཐུས་སྨོན་ལམ་མྱུར་འགྲུབ་ཤོག ། dentü mönlam nyurdrub shok May these aspirations be swiftly accomplished! ཆོས་ཉིད་བསམ་གྱིས་མི་ཁྱབ་ཀྱང་། ། chönyi samgyi mikhyab kyang Although dharmatā is inconceivable, ཆོས་ཅན་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་མི་སླུ་བས། ། chöchen tendrel milu wé The truth never changes, བདེན་པ་འགྱུར་བ་མེད་པ་དེས། ། denpa gyurwa mepa dé Since the dependent arising of conditioned phenomena is infallible; ཅི་བཏབ་སྨོན་ལམ་འགྲུབ་པར་ཤོག ། chitab mönlam drubpar shok Thus, may any aspirations I have formulated be accomplished! COLOPHON ཅེས་གནས་གསུམ་གྱི་མཁའ་འགྲོ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཐམས་ཅད་དབང་མེད་དུ་འགུག་པར་བྱེད་པའི་སྨོན་ལམ་འཕྲུལ་གྱི་ཞགས་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་འདི་ཉིད་ནི་མཁའ་ཁྱབ་ཀྱི་མཁའ་འགྲོ་རྒྱ་མཚོར་གཅིག་ཏུ་མོས་པ་འཕྲིན་ལས་བློ་གསལ་གྱིས་ནན་ཏན་ཆེན་པོས་བསྐུལ་བ་དོན་ཡོད་པར་བྱ་བའི་ཕྱིར་དུ་ངེས་མེད་ཀུན་ཏུ་སྤྱོད་པའི་རྣལ་འབྱོར་པ་ཆགས་པ་རྡོ་རྗེས་འོག་མིན་སྤྲུལ་པའི་ཞིང་མཆོག་པདྨོ་བཀོད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་འཁོར་གྱི་ཆ་ལས་འཁོར་ལོ་ལྔའི་ནང་ཚན་སྙིང་ག་ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོའི་ཆར་གཏོགས་པ་ཀློ་ཁུག་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་བདག་པོའི་ཕོ་བྲང་གི་ཉེ་འདབས་བདུད་འདུལ་བདེ་བ་ཆེན་པོའི་སྒར་དུ་སྤེལ་བ་བདེ་ལེགས་སུ་གྱུར་ཅིག ། In order to fulfil the insistent request of Trinlé Losal, who holds a singular devotion to all the oceans of ḍākinīs who pervade all of space, I, Chagpa Dorjé the aimless yogin, wrote “The Magical Lasso: An Aspirational Prayer” that spontaneously summons all the oceans of ḍākinīs of the three worlds. It was composed at the camp of Düdül Dewa Chenpo (Demon-Taming Great Bliss) in the vicinity of the palace of the lord of the Lo people. This area belongs to the heart dharmacakra, one of five cakras of the retinue of Pemokö, the supreme emanated realm of Akaniṣṭha. May there be happiness and well-being! NOTES Photo credit: Himalayan Art Resource Thanks to Adam Pearcey at Lotsawa House for his editing. Published: August 2021 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bzhad pa'i rdo rje. 1983–1985. mkha' spyod grub pa'i smon lam 'phrul gyi zhags pa sogs . In gsung 'bum/_bzhad pa'i rdo rje, vol. 7, pp. 421–428. Leh: T. Sonam & D.L. Tashigang. BDRC W22130 Abstract This aspirational prayer, composed at the request of Trinle Losal, calls upon all the ḍākinīs of the three worlds to grant their blessings, so that the practitioner may complete the Vajrayāna path and bring benefit to all beings. It was composed at the camp of Dudul Dewa Chenpo, the heart dharmacakra of Pemokö, the supreme emanated realm of Akaniṣṭha. It is a remarkably emotional and powerful prayer one that, in our opinion, really demonstrates the heartfelt wishes of the author. BDRC LINK W22130 DOWNLOAD TRANSLATION GO TO TRANSLATION LISTEN TO AUDIO 00:00 / 08:29 TRADITION Geluk | Nyingma INCARNATION LINE Lelung Jedrung HISTORICAL PERIOD 18th Century TEACHERS The Sixth Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso The Fifth Panchen Lama, Lobzang Yesh e Damchö Zangpo Mingyur Paldrön Chöje Lingpa Dönyö Khedrup The First Purchok, Ngawang Jampa Ngawang Chödrak Yeshe Gyatso Damchö Gyatso Losal Gyatso Lhundrub Gyatso Dungkar Tsangyang Drugdrak TRANSLATOR Tib Shelf INSTITUTIONS Lelung Monastery Mindröling Ngari Dratsang Chökhor Gyal Trandruk Potala Tsāri STUDENTS Kunga Mingyur Dorj e Dorje Yom e Kunga Palzom Lobsang Lhachok Dönyö Khedrub Polhane Sönam Tobgy e Ngawang Jampa Mingyur Paldrön The Fifth Dorje Drak Rigdzin, Kelzang Pema Wangchuk Lhazang Khan AUTHOR Lelung Zhepe Dorje The Magical Lasso: A Prayer of Aspiration to Accomplish Khecara VIEW ALL PUBLICATIONS NEXT PUBLICATION > < PREVIOUS PUBLICATION Home Publications Read Listen Watch People Information About Meet the Team Services Translators Terms of Use Privacy Policy Donate Subscribe to our newsletter Support Tib Shelf's ongoing work & Subscribe Today! 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The reincarnation lineage of Tsoknyi Özer exemplified supreme devotion - illustrated by the Third Tsoknyi's offering of his burning finger as a lamp to fulfill his guru's wishes. A Brief Biography: The Successive Incarnations of Tsoknyi Özer The lord of the wheel of the infinite ocean of the three roots, The sole refugee of limitless sentient beings, The unrivalled knowledge holder of the three times, I supplicate at the feet of Tsoknyi Öser. THE FIRST INCARNATION The first Tsoknyi Öser was born in a place called Dewa Tang, Kyodrak in the twelfth sexagenary cycle of the Fire Snake Year, 1737, to a father named Kharpa Puntsok. Having been endowed with the characteristics of the excellent ones from a young age and with a great interest in virtuous activities, he went on pilgrimage to central Tibet. Thus, he met the Thirteenth Karmapa Düdül Dorjé (1733/34–1797/98) [ 1 ] and received many spiritual instructions. [At that time,] the Karmapa recognised him as the emanation of Chöjé Lingpa (1682–1720) [ 2 ] and performed many activities including this prophecy: “Since your future disciples and beneficial activities are in Kyodrak, go there and benefit them. In the future, you will be more valuable than others for the Barom teachings.” As such, the Karmapa bestowed upon him the name Tsoknyi Öser. Having returned home, he received the complete instructions of the liberating methods of the victorious Barom tradition from Saljé Chödrub Senggé. Subsequently, as there had only been black yak-haired tents in the encampment of Kyodrak, he built a fort called Pur Khang in 1779. There he conducted meditational practices, rituals, and offerings. In the Wood Dog Year, 1785, of the thirteenth sexagenary cycle, Tsoknyi Öser constructed Kyodrak Monastery’s new assembly hall along with the representations of the enlightened body, speech, and mind. His enlightened activities spread and flourished: He established the tradition of Chöjé Lingpa’s revealed treasure teachings. He became the object of worship for the people of China, Tibet, and Mongolia. He [built] innumerable and invaluable representations of the enlightened body, speech, and mind and established retreat centres at multiple hermitages. In brief, he greatly spread and proliferated the teachings of both theory and practice such as the dances, mask dances, and melodies in accordance with the traditions of previous knowledge holders. As such, Kyodrak Monastery installed him on the vajra throne, and everyone highly respected him as a great being and holder of the teachings. THE SECOND INCARNATION The second Tsoknyi was born to a father named Wön Tenzin Norbu and a mother named Sönam Drönma who was the chieftainess of Tsang Sar. He was recognised by the Fifth Dung Kar Śrī Bhadra of Kyodrak, who named him Karma Tsewang Künkhyab. He achieved the primordial wisdom of the aural lineage as he was primarily focused on meditation practice. Due to his yogic observances, he established everything he saw or heard onto the path of liberation. Certain aspects such as the dates of his birth and death are not available. In the end, he died at the age of sixty [ 3 ] and attained the rūpakāya, the form body. THE THIRD INCARNATION The third incarnation was born with a number of wondrous signs in the lower part of the Sengge district in Kham in the Earth Male Mouse year, 1828. His father was named Orgyen Gönpo and his mother Drongza Lhamo Dröl. Shugu Tendar, a monk from Kyodrak, knowledgeable in medicine and astrology, named him saying: “Since this child has good astrological signs, the name Tashi Tsegon should be given to him.” Since he was the descendent of the dignitary Lhagyari, a royal lineage of the dharma kings of Tibet, from a young age everyone called him Lhabu, the Divine Son. When an elder guru of Khang Né Monastery conferred the empowerment of Vajrakīla, the guru encouraged those who knew the mantra to recite the approach mantra for Vajrakīla and for those who did not, to recite the approach mantra for Vajrapāṇi. The Lord Lhabu, also, made a mala of kyerpa wood ( berberis aristate ) and performed over ten million prostrations and recitations of the approach mantra. Since he meditated on a protection circle, he was free from obstacles. From a young age, he had visions of Yeshé Gönpo, Padmasambhava, and Banak Genyen amongst others. Even while playing, he acted only in conformity with the doctrine. Frightened by the shortcomings of cyclic existence, he developed renunciation in his heart. In his dreams, he had many visions of Yeshé Chokyang, the Dharma Protector of Primordial Wisdom. From the fully ordained monk Ralo Tarlam of Kyodrak Monastery, he learned the way to posit the view and received experiential instructions on the way of meditating on Avalokiteśvara and Padmasambhava. Due to this, when he became slightly older, he already had a great propensity for the doctrine. On a number of occasions, he had pure visions of such things as sights, sounds, and awareness appearing as deity, mantra, and dharmakaya. When Karma Döndam Jigdral Wangpo, the reincarnation of Nedo Karma Dechen, gave instructions on th e Cutting Through ( trekchö ) and Leaping Over ( tögal ) meditational practices of the Peaceful and Wrathful Karling cycle to his father and some other people, [Lhabu] joined them. Consequently, his view was enhanced, and he realised the avenues through which the six lamps shine forth. After that, due to an unfathomable amount of blame and loss, the relatives, servants, mother and son left home and wandered to many different places. When they arrived in Tsari, he said there were ḍākinīs enjoying a tantric feast and they instructed him: “Yogin, eat this human flesh!” Two ḍākinīs stuffed human flesh into his mouth immediately saturating his mind and body with bliss. These were only some of the marvellous things that occurred. [While there], he visited the majority of the sacred sites in Ü and Tsang in central Tibet and then once again returned home. At the age of twenty-two in the Earth Bird Year, (1849), a strong attitude of renunciation enveloped his mind. He went to the Fifth Trülshik Mahāpaṇḍita, Palden Gyurmé Tsewang Trinlé, the victor of all the directions, and in the temple of Do Ngak Shedrub Ling he firstly took refuge and then the fundamental precepts. He changed his appearance and clothing and was given the name Ngawang Tsoknyi. A person of good faith offered him auspicious articles and yoghurt. He filled his bowl with the yoghurt and gave butter and cheese in return. With those actions, many auspicious doors were made. In the sixth lunar month, when the newly founded tradition of the first great accomplishment ceremony of The Eight Pronouncements: The Assembly of the Sugata was established, he was appointed as the leader of the practice sessions. Knowing that his guru and Padmasambhava were inseparable, he developed overpowering devotion. After that, for about two years, he memorised [texts] and even performed such activities as assisting around the monks’ quarters and fetching water. All the lamas and monks treated him lovingly due to his kind nature. He received numerous instructions, oral transmissions, and empowerments of Mahāmudrā and Dzogchen from A Deu Rinpoche and Yongdzin Lama Tenwang and engaged in their accompanying preliminary practices and purifications. When Tsoknyi was twenty-four, the Refuge-protector A Deu Rinpoche peacefully passed away. In order to fulfil his guru’s aspirations, he [set] the ring finger of his right hand [on fire] as an offering lamp. He was fully ordained by Tenpé Nyima of Taglung Monastery and was bestowed the name Mipham Loden. He received a great number of oral transmissions and empowerments including The Hundred Transmissions of Mitra ( Mitra Gyatsa ). Since Tenpé Nyima introduced him to the main practice of Mahāmudrā, he developed the faith that perceives the guru as a real buddha, and blessings entered him. The moment he met Rigzin Chögyal Dorjé (1789–1865/59), [ 4 ] in particular, an unbearable and blazing devotion arose, and their minds mixed as one. At different times when it was suitable, he received many empowerments, oral transmissions, and instructions including the instructions of the preliminary and main practices of Mahāmudrā of the glorious Drukpa [Kagyü tradition], the profound instructions of the [Dzogchen] rüshen practice, or the preliminary practice of differentiation, of the Peaceful and Wrathful Karling cycle along with the introduction of the main practice, the empowerment and instructions of the co-emergent Cakrasaṃvara and the two-faced Vajravārāhī, the supportive teachings for the Six Yogas of Nāropa, various oral instructions, numerous cycles of the aural transmission, and the profound treasure of The Wrathful Sky-Blue Guru ( Guru Drakting ). Furthermore, he relied upon many gurus including the incarnation of Vima, Karma Tengyé Chöpel, and the Seventh Chögön, Chökyi Nyinché as well as extensively receiving teachings of maturation and liberation. He reciprocally gave various suitable empowerments and oral transmissions to and from Trülshik Kyabné Trinlé Gyatso, Nagpo Togden, and Guru Pünchö, etc. In the Iron Pig Year (1851) at the age of twenty-four, he entered into strict retreat. After nine months had passed, despite running out of provisions, he was able to remain for about four years through engaging in immeasurable austerities. One time, when Rigzin Chögyal Dorjé had arrived at the meditation room of his retreat hut, the Lord Chögyal Dorjé bestowed upon him the profound treasure of The Wrathful Sky-Blue Guru , which he himself had extracted from Nyengyal Dorjé Khyung Citadel. He also conferred the empowerment, oral transmission, and instructions of The Guru White Jambhala: The Deity of Wealth ( Lama Nor Lha Dzam Kar ). In the catalogue of vajra prophecies it says: “At that time in Tibet when a short period of happiness like the glimpsing of the sun, a custodian of the teachings, a hidden yogi who is the emanation of Muné Tsenpo (8th–9th century) named Gaṇa will invoke an emanation of mine from eastern Ü named Dharmasūrya Candrabhadra. This emanation is a custodian of the doctrine and special transmissions and possesses the wisdom eye.” According to that prophecy, he is indicated as being that very custodian of the doctrine. The [guru] prophesied: “I offer this advice to you in place of retreat provisions. Put them into practice and you will not remain in your current state. You will have disciples, fame, students, and patrons in addition to power, wealth, and unrivalled authority.” The Lord [Tsoknyi] replied: “I have renounced this life. From a primordial state that is able to be content and has little desires, I focus the depths of my mind on the dharma. The depth of the dharma is to live as a beggar, the depth of living as a beggar is to live that way until death, and the depth of living that way until death is to entrust myself to a mountainous hermitage. In doing so, like Milarepa, I wish for a life untainted by the stains of the eight worldly concerns. The ordinary accomplishments are of no need.” The [guru] replied: “Even if you say you want it to be like that, you should wait and see how it turns out.” As such, Tsoknyi mixed excrement and urine together, smeared and spread it all over the meditation cave. This was greatly auspicious, and it increased his followers and enlightened activities as it was prophesied. When he was practicing the approach and accomplishment phases of The Wrathful Sky-Blue Guru there were many great signs including the guardians of the teachings actually displaying their forms, the eight classes of gods and rākṣasas displaying magical machinations, tumultuous noise, and a cacophony of sounds. Rid of intimidation and fear, he overpowered these challenging signs through the sheer brilliance of his vajra-like concentration. As an indication of this, they offered their life and heart to him. All of those who beheld lineages of the dharma, accepted him as one who dispels all adverse conditions and accomplishes any and all favourable conditions. From then onwards, his enlightened activities flourished even further: Humans congregated during the day and gods and demons assembled during the night. In the evenings and mornings, clothes and food were gathered. As all those were accumulated, the guru’s prophecy came to be true. When he performed the approach and accomplishment of the principal and retinue deities of Guru Orgyen: The Deity of Wealth: The White Jambhala, he had visions of the assembly of deities. One day, in particular, a stream of melted butter flowed down from the support beam of his meditation room and, in a single stroke, made his clothes and belongings very greasy. He himself even declared: “Due to engaging in severe austerities and the interdependency from accomplishing the White Jambhala , my successive students will not be impoverished as they will have food, clothing, and resources.” This can even be seen directly today. Generally, without any effort, he would have pure visions of whichever deity he practiced, as well as having visions of various other deities. He even composed an instructional text for The Wrathful Sky-Blue Guru . He newly constructed a retreat centre called Khachö Chödzong Dechen Rabar. Since he practiced The Three Bodies of the Guru ( Lama Kusum ), for seven years, the remaining beneficial karma from his past lives of Langdo Lotsawa Könchok Jungné (8th century) [ 5 ] and Ratna Lingpa (1403–1479) [ 6 ] was activated. All the physical yogas of the vajra body clearly arose in the mirror of his mind, which are contained in his mind-sadhana practice. In his pure vision, the wisdom body of Ratna Lingpa often took care of him, disclosing to him the secretly sealed [teachings] of the five kinds of secret instructions along with the physical yogas and giving him the secrets of the open and direct instructions. In this way, Ratna Lingpa was his companion on the path and his primordial wisdom flourished [due to this relationship]. There are numerous wondrous narratives such as those. [Through this] he received the name Pema Drimé Öser. In the Wood Monkey Year, (1884), Jamgön Kongtrül [Lodrö Tayé] (1813–1899) [ 7 ] bestowed upon him the cycles of the aural lineage concerning the path of skilful means, and he also received the complete instructions of the five stages of Ratna Lingpa’s The Exceptional Assembly of the Accomplishment of the Enlightened Mind ( Tugdrub Yangdü ). He was particularly praised as “Tsoknyi, the lord of the accomplished ones.” [Jamgön Kongtrül] also received many teachings from the Lord [Tsoknyi]. After that, he eventually came to Kyodrak by passing through Gadzo, Palshung, Tamkha, and Kyadzo. Since Lama Sal [Ga Rinpoche], Ten [Nying Rinpoche], Dung [Kar Rinpoche], and his father’s family had a profound patron-priest relationship, their good intentions integrated as one in both spiritual and temporal affairs. In particular, the Lord accepted Dungkyé Rinpoche Rigzin Düdjom Dorjé, who was the supreme guru of the previous lifetimes, to be the emanation of Barom Darma Wangchuk (1127–1194?). [ 8 ] He recited the seven-syllable mantra of Cakrasaṃvara hundreds of millions of times. He received the six dharmas of Mahāmudrā and Dzogchen from Chögyal Dorjé. Through engaging in the practices, he actually discovered the signs of accomplishment. From this unrivalled and excellent being [Chögyal Dorjé], who had visions of a multitude of deities and so forth, he received the Barom Mahāmudrā cycle of teachings concerning the six dharmas of The Lord of Bliss ( Degon ), Tulku Mingyur Dorjé’s (1645–1667) [ 9 ] pure vision teachings of The Sky Teachings (Namchö), and The Unified Oral and Treasure Teachings ( Karter Sungjuk ), written by the doctrine holder Chödak Chagmé Rinpoche (1613–1678), [ 10 ] which is an ancillary text to the mind treasures [of Mingyur Dorjé]. He received all of their empowerments and oral transmissions in their entirety. He also offered long-life prayers of the gurus as well as some of the empowerments and oral transmissions in return. Upon the invitations of his paternal relative Sowang Pün, his former enemy Rakshu Tsewang Dargé, Surmang Ati, and others, he gave instructions and spiritual advice, establishing them in the doctrine. Then he went into a strict retreat in the cave of Khyungtra having taken upon himself a tantric commitment. Banak Genyen, the protector of that sacred site, offered its life and heart to him, and Tsoknyi accepted him at his word. Then Banak Genyen gave him a key for the enlightened activities of magnetisation, and Tsoknyi was able to compose a profound meditational practice of that treasure protector [Banak Genyen]. With a seal of secrecy, he offered it to the gurus, abbots, and masters of Kyodrak Monastery, where the text can still be found. His experience and realisation thrived. He went to U, Tsang, and other destinations where he combined his beneficial works for sentient beings and for the practice. Finally, at the age of sixty-one on the twenty-ninth day of the fourth month of the Earth Mouse Year, 1888, he peacefully passed away. He had a great number of students including the Ninth Gyalwang Ngedön Tenpé Nyiché, the Sixth Jé Khamtrül Tenpé Nyima, the Sixth Trülshik A Dé Gyalsé, Tari Ngawang Chöjor, Togden Ngawang Gelek, Gechak Togden Ngawang Tsangyang Gyatso, Jamé Chöpal Gyatso, Jamtrül Tenpé Gyaltsen, Dru Jamyang Drakpa, Dompa Lama Püntsok Chögrub, Taru Togden Chöying Namdak, Lang Ngawang Lhündrup, Geshé Tenzin Sangpo, Künkhen Tsewang Namgyal, Ngor Khen Künga Tenzin, Nagpo Tertön Garwang Yeshé Rölpa, and Ngawang Namgyal Tenpa. THE FOURTH INCARNATION The fourth Tsoknyi, Lhagyal Dorjé, was born in the Chugru family of Kyodrak. He was recognised by the great treasure revealer Barwé Dorjé and gave him the name Tsoknyi Lhagyal Dorjé. Numerous historical accounts were lost during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) including his biography and the dates of birth and death. So, there is no clear account of him. THE FIFTH INCARNATION Foremost adept in the Land of Snows, Heart son of the lineage of Marpa, Mila, and Dakpo, Regarded as the reincarnation of Chöjé Lingpa, Tsoknyi Öser, I revere you full-heartedly. Although I do not possess the skills to write The outer, inner, and secret biographies of this excellent being, With the help of ancient records and oral narratives of the older generations My fingers felt at ease in penning them into words. The birthplace of the fifth incarnation, Tsoknyi Öser Karma Khyenrab Lodrö Chökyi Döndrub, [ 11 ] was in Kyodrak, [ 12 ] which is divided into two [areas called] Nang and Sog. [ 13 ] His birthplace was in the upper Sog district. This virtuous and auspicious sacred place has adopted its name because it is “where the dharma robes of Guru Rinpoche once dried,” as well as a place where a statue of Dorjé Drolö miraculously appeared. This marvellous sacred place was also predicted in the religious song of the great treasure revealer, Barwa Dorjé, [ 14 ] which says, “In this auspicious and virtuous place of Tranang Tashi valley, [ 15 ] there will be congregations of young men and horses.” In this place, where greatly accomplished ones have visited, the son, Karma Khyenrab Lodrö Chökyi Döndrub, was born on the twenty-eighth day of the eleventh month the Earth Bird Year, 1969, to his father Sé Pema and his mother Yesa Geyang. [ 16 ] During the turbulent times, [ 17 ] the retreat master Alho Nyingjé of Pedong [ 18 ] and other practitioners had no choice but to dig for caterpillar fungus to pay tax. When they arrived at the mountain, Alho Nyingjé continuously meditated. His student Sé Pema (Tsoknyi’s father) provided different kinds of service for him, including digging for fungus to cover both their taxes. At that time, Lama Anying stayed at Khong Yerpo, [ 19 ] where his mind dissolved into the sphere of reality (i.e. he passed away). One day, Alho Nyingjé made plans to come to the place known as Gepa Yangshar Yechok Shingkyong Yabyum (Parents of the Local Protectors of the Steep Cliff Facing East). [ 20 ] When his student Sé Pema arrived, he was not there. But Alho Nyingjé arrived after a short wait. Sé Pema asked, “Where did you go? I have been waiting for you here.” Alho Nyingjé answered along with providing a prophecy, “I fell asleep for a short while. When I fell asleep, I dreamt that you would have a son who will be a great help for the Barom teachings, but I am not sure that others will believe this.” Similarly, many noble beings prophesied in the same way. Furthermore, in the past, when Dungtrül Rinpoche came to Khatsa Traba, [ 21 ] Sé Pema helped him to set up his residence. When Dungtrül Rinpoche arrived at the monastery, he said to Sé Pema: “Your eldest son is the heart of your family. He is a superior being, but do not tell others.” Thus, he recognised him as Tsoknyi Rinpoche, but no one was informed for five years. When Situ Pema Wangchok Gyalpo [ 22 ] visited Kyodrak before 1958, he was strongly requested to recognise the reincarnation of Tsoknyi Öser, but he said, “There is no need to hurry now because in the future there will be someone who will certainly benefit the Dharma and sentient beings. As the saying goes, ‘although the gold is under the earth, its light shines in the sky.’ We can recognise him at a later time.” As such, based on the prophecies made by the Karmapa Düdül Dorjé now the karma and aspirations had ripened in time. When Saljé Rinpoche was on a strict retreat at Samten Chöling, Tsoknyi had an audience with him and received advice. Many natural, auspicious interdependent connections occurred during this audience, such as when Tsoknyi reached the top of the ladder, Saljé Rinpoche was carrying a full bowl of white yoghurt. Saljé Rinpoche said, “Tashi delek, come inside.” When Tsoknyi was prostrating three times, Rinpoche hurriedly said, “Please sit down.” Tsoknyi sat on the cushion, and the student and master had a long conversation beginning with inquiring about each other’s well-being. During lunchtime, some Taiwanese and Hong Kong students of Saljé Rinpoche were also present. When Saljé Rinpoche said, “Tsoknyi Rinpoche,” Tsoknyi said, “I have not used that name, and I am not willing to use it! There is a danger that it will produce pride in me.” Saljé Rinpoche said, “It was a slip of the tongue, but it has created good interdependent connections.” After that, Saljé Rinpoche offered another bowl of white yoghurt to him and said, “I am offering this to Tsoknyi with the aspiration that he receives complete instruction and benefits all sentient beings.” Tsoknyi remarked, “This is like the old story of the village girl Lekyima offering yoghurt to the Buddha, the Bhagavān. Because she offered yoghurt, she was blessed with peace throughout the three times and the realisation of the pure essence of the supreme wisdom. Hence with this aspiration, I’ll drink it all without leaving any behind.” From a young age, he possessed many excellent signs. For example, when the monastery was first granted approval, [ 23 ] many people used to gather in the dance hall, and the numbers were immense. Due to the small size of the hall, queues formed outside. Having moved through in file, he made it inside without any difficulties. This was the first time he heard the sounds of Dharma, and his mind was filled with joy due to his previous karma. After a brief moment, he and his father reluctantly had to leave due to overcrowding. However, in his heart, his desire to join prayer gatherings became like that of a thirsty person discovering water; yet since it was impossible, he could do nothing but cry. His mother said, “Don’t do that. Those people also need to join [the prayer gathering]. If you learn how to read, you will be able to become a monk.” Upon hearing these comforting words and from the incredible joy he felt, it seems that his karmic propensities awoke. Thus, he went to learn to read and write. [In relation to this] his father let the young boy sleep with him in his bed. Every morning his kind-hearted father chanted Shaking Samsara from the Depths [ 24 ] prayer and every evening The Kīla Prayer . As a result, the young boy learnt The Kïla Prayer easily even before learning to read. Moreover, he had delightful experiences and dreams. However, I fear there would be too many words, so I shall not write them here. While he was offering his hair [ 25 ] to Saljé Rinpoche of Kyodrak in 1982, Rinpoche asked, “What is your name?” He replied, “My name is Tsültrim Nyima.” Rinpoche replied, “Usually, we change the name when we perform the hair-cutting ceremony, but your name is good, so let us leave it as it is.” This was the moment he entered the Buddhist tradition. On that spring day, there was a bit of drizzle and fog had gathered on top of the sacred mountain of Gardzé. [ 26 ] On that distant mountain, he saw the Dzachu river, resembling a turquoise dragon ascending into the sky, and grass sprouting on the grounds of Kyodrak Monastery. Consequently, he stated that it was a difficult place to forget since he was very fortunate to have had that opportunity. Then, having enrolled in the monastery, he studied the monastic education programme in its entirety—learning ritual dances, musical instruments, and other disciplines. He also received a lot of exceptional instructions on [the paths of] means and liberation. From Jamyang Lodrö Rinpoche, [ 27 ] he received the cycles of teachings of the Barom tradition and empowerments and pith instructions. He received many empowerments and pith instructions from Saljé Rinpoche, who is endowed with the three types of kindness, and Dungtrül Rinpoche. [ 28 ] He received precepts of renunciation and the name Tsültrim Sangpo and also received the empowerment of The Kīla of the Secret Essence [ 29 ] from the Abbot Karma Jampa Yönten or Do Dé Rinpoche. [ 30 ] Moreover, he received various empowerments and transmissions from Sanggyé Tenzin, [ 31 ] over the course of a month. In particular, Rabjor Rinpoche [ 32 ] and Tsoknyi received the empowerment and instructions of the single lineage. On top of that, he received teachings on the medical sciences and The Four Tantras with its empowerment from Wön Gelek and Rabpel. [ 33 ] He received the details of the [medical] practices for those tantras from Wön Gelek. He also received teachings on astrology and other instructions from the chant master and vajra master of the monastery, Abbot Karma Orgyen, and education on Tibetan grammar, A Guide of the Bodhisattva’s Way of Life ( Bodhicaryāvatāra ), and other teachings from abbots and masters. From the yogi Yeshé Rabgyé, [ 34 ] he began to learn Nāropa’s Six Yogas of the path of skilful means and the Barom tradition’s practice of Mahāmudrā of the path of liberation. Having combined the methods of the profound instructions of the paths of skilful means and liberation with study, contemplation, and meditation, he engaged in a strict, solitary retreat of three years, three months, and three days at the Barom Meditation Centre. After his retreat came to an end, he stayed at the meditation cave of Tseril [ 35 ] for several years and received empowerments of Cakrasaṃvara and Mahākāla from Sanggyé Drakpa. [ 36 ] He became a fully accomplished excellent scholar having relied upon various non-sectarian great beings and having integrated study, contemplation, and meditation. As the Refuge-lord Saljé Rinpoche often had many excellent and wondrous dreams and signs, he recognised the Fifth Tsoknyi Rinpoche and named him Karma Khyenrab Lodrö Chökyi Döndrup. [ 37 ] Later, Tsoknyi visited the sacred sites of India and Nepal. He has come back to his fatherland three times since 2001. Keeping the monastery and its people in mind and with a pure intention, he constructed a five-story temple at Kyodrak Monastery that is comparable in size to a seven-story building. It has a gilded roof complete with a gold ornament and victory banner and seventy-eight rooms to accommodate about five thousand monks. Moreover, he built a three-story meditation hall called Chabti Serpuk [ 38 ] with a gold ornament above its assembly hall. Along with this hall, he also built seventeen monk’s quarters called Yabeb Khang [ 39 ] and a monastic college containing an assembly hall and eighty monk’s quarters. He made donations towards the construction of Serphug Namtsang assembly hall, [ 40 ] which is the abode of the renunciate Tsültrim Tarchin. He donated 300,000 Yuan towards [recovery projects after] the Yushul earthquake. He gave donations to the Serta monks and nuns for their prayers. He also donated clothes to the region of Yushul and offered 500 Samten Bülchung [ 41 ] to the meditators. He sponsors the twenty-ninth pūjā every year and donates money to the monks. With Khen Jiga [ 42 ] he sponsors the food and other facilities for the monks at the monastic college. He also diligently accumulates funds for Barom’s Prayer Festival. Other than that, he donates thermoses and quality incense to the abbots, retreat masters, and great meditators and clothes to the needy. Each and every year he strives in gathering the accumulations. The religious centres he has built with great effort for the benefit of others are Taiwan Dharma Centre, Barom Tegsum Chökhor Ling, Macao Dharma Centre, Ngedön Tegchen Ling, and the England Dharma Centre, Künpan Jampa Ling. Furthermore, he is currently visiting many countries, including Singapore, Macao, Honkong, Guato, and Mauritius to give teachings, rescue animals, and advise people in need. May all be virtuous! COLOPHON None NOTES [1] karma pa 10 bdud 'dul rdo rje, BDRC P828 [2] chos rje gling pa, BDRC P671 [3] This is a scribble error as the dates between the First Tsoknyi and the Third Tsoknyi does not make this possible. [4] chos rgyal rdo rje, BDRC P1711 [5] lang gro dkon mchog 'byung gnas, [6] rat+na gling pa, BDRC P470 [7] 'jam mgon kong sprul blo gros mtha' yas, BDRC P264 [8] 'ba' rom pa dar ma dbang phyug, BDRC P1856 [9] gman chos mi 'gyur rdo rje, BDRC P659 [10] karma chags med, BDRC P649 [11] tshogs gnyis 'od zer karma mkhyen rab blo gros chos kyi don 'grub [12] skyo brag [13] nang sog [14] 'bar ba' rdo rje [15] bkra nang bkra shis lung pa [16] se pad+ma; g.yes bza' dge g.yang [17] Cultural Revolution [18] pad sdong a lho snying rje [19] a snying bla ma; khong g.yer po [20] gas pa g.yang shar g.yas phyogs zhing skyong yab yum [21] dung sprul rin po che; kha tsha pra ba [22] ta' sit u 11 pad+ma dbang mchog rgyal po, 1886–1952, BDRC P925 [23] This is approval is from CCP after the cultural revolution. [24] 'khor ba dong sprug [25] This is when the lama cuts the first tip of the hair before the individual becomes ordained. [26] gar mdzad ri [27] 'jam dbyangs blo gros [28] dung sprul [29] gsang thig phur pa [30] byams pa yon tan / mdo sde rin po che [31] sangs rgyas bstan 'dzin [32] rab 'byor rin po che [33] dbon dge legs; rab 'phel [34] ye shes rab rgyas [35] tshe ril [36] sangs rgyas grag pa [37] karma mkhyen rab blo gros chos kyi don grub [38] chab bsti gser phug [39] ya 'bebs khang [40] gser pug rnam tshang 'du khang [41] bsam rten 'bul chung [42] mkhan 'jig dga' Published: November 2020 Edited: September 2021 BIBLIOGRAPHY Dbon dge legs. 2020. Grub pa'i sa mthor gshegs pa'i skyo brag tshogs gnyis 'od zer sku phreng rim byon gyi rnam thar mdor bsdus bzhugs so . London: Tib Shelf P005 Abstract These introductory biographies of the successive reincarnations of Tsoknyi Özer invite us to the land of liberation by establishing their enlightened lifestyles as examples. The text highlights the significance of devotion towards a spiritual master as, for example, the Third Tsokyni lighting his ring finger on fire, offering it as a lamp to fulfill his guru's aspirations. TIB SHELF P005 DOWNLOAD TRANSLATION GO TO TRANSLATION LISTEN TO AUDIO 00:00 / 00:27 TRADITION Barom Kagyu INCARNATION LINE Chöje Lingpa Tsoknyi Özer HISTORICAL PERIOD 18th Century 19th Century 20th Century 21st Century TEACHERS The First Incarnation: The Thirteenth Karmapa Duddul Dorje Salje Chödrub The Second Incarnation: n/a The Third Incarnation: Ralo Tarlam Karma Döndam Jigdral Wangpo The Fifth Trulshik Mahāpaṇḍita, Gyurme Tsewang Trinle A De'u Rinpoche Yongzin Lama Tenwang Taglung Tenpe Nyima Rigdzin Chögyal Dorje Karma Tengye Chöpel The Seventh Chögön Chökyi Nyinche Trulshik Kyabne Trinle Gyatso Nagpo Togden Guru Punchö Jamgön Kongtrül Lodrö Taye Lama Salga Rinpoche Ten Nying Rinpoche Dungkar Rinpoche TRANSLATORS Tib Shelf Rachael Griffiths Michael Elison INSTITUTION Kyodrak Monastery STUDENTS TBC AUTHOR Önpo Gelek A Brief Biography: The Successive Incarnations of Tsoknyi Özer VIEW ALL PUBLICATIONS NEXT PUBLICATION > < PREVIOUS PUBLICATION Home Publications Read Listen Watch People Information About Meet the Team Services Translators Terms of Use Privacy Policy Donate Subscribe to our newsletter Support Tib Shelf's ongoing work & Subscribe Today! Name * Email* Submit Tib Shelf is a not-for-profit organisation dedicated to translating, presenting and preserving primary source Tibetan texts across a vast array of genres and time periods. We make these literary treasures accessible to readers worldwide, offering a unique window into Tibet's rich history, culture and traditions. Tib Shelf has been accredited by the British Library with the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2754–1495 CONTACT US | SHELVES@TIBSHELF.ORG © 2024 Tib Shelf. All rights reserved.

Jigme Lingpa's Longchen Nyingtik instruction on fierce inner heat practice, composed as a supplication to be sung between lineage prayers and practice commencement. The Vajra Verses: A Prayer of the Fierce Inner Heat ཨེ་མ་ཧོ། emaho Emaho! དག་པ་རབ་འབྱམས་དབུ་མའི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་ན།། dagpa rabjam umé drongkhyer na In the city of the infinite purity of the central channel སེམས་ཀྱི་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཆོས་སྐུའི་ངོ་བོ་ཉིད།། sem kyi dorjé chökü ngowo nyi Is the vajra mind, the essence of the dharmakāya. ཕུང་པོ་ཁམས་དང་སྐྱེ་མཆེད་གདན་གསུམ་ལྷའི།། pungpo kham dang kyeché den sum lhé The aggregates, elements, and sense-fields are the deities of the three seats. རྣམ་རོལ་རྩ་བརྒྱུད་བླ་མར་གསོལ་བ་འདེབས།། namröl tsa gyü lamar sölwa deb I supplicate their manifestations— the root and lineage gurus. རླུང་སེམས་དབྱེར་མེད་ཞུ་བདེའི་ཙཎྜ་ལཱི།། lung sem yermé zhudé tsendali May Caṇḍālī, the melting bliss of inseparable energy and mind, འཁོར་ལོ་ལྔ་ཡི་དཔའ་བོ་མཁའ་འགྲོའི་གྲོང་།། khorlo nga yi pawo khandrö drong Bring delight to the cities of the ḍākinīs and heroes in the five cakras ཚོགས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོའི་འདུ་བས་མཉེས་བྱས་ནས།། tsok kyi khorlö duwé nyé jé né Through the gatherings of the tantric feast, དབང་དང་དགའ་བཞིའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་རོས་གང་ཤོག། wang dang ga zhi yeshé rö gang shok And may I be suffused with the experiences of the empowerments and the primordial wisdom of the four joys. ཁྱད་པར་མཆོག་གི་གཏུམ་མོས་འཁོར་ལོ་བཞིའི།། khyepar chok gi tummö khorlo zhi In particular, may the supreme fierce inner heat, རླུང་སེམས་ལས་རུང་དྷུ་ཏིའི་རྩ་མདུད་རྣམས།། lung sem lé rung dhuti tsa dü nam Make pliable the energy and mind within the four cakras, and as the knots of the central channel ཚོགས་དང་སྦྱོར་མཐོང་སྒོམ་པའི་ལམ་དུ་གྲོལ།། tsok dang jor tong gompé lam du dröl Are released as the paths of accumulation, unification, seeing, and meditation, ས་བཅུའི་རྒྱུན་མཐའ་གཙུག་ཏོར་རྩེར་སྨིན་ཤོག། sa chü gyün ta tsugtor tser min shok May energy and mind ripen at the crown protuberance, the conclusion of the ten stages. ཉོན་མོངས་རླུང་སེམས་འཁོར་བའི་རང་བཞིན་ནི།། nyönmong lung sem khorwé rangzhin ni With the afflictions, energy, and mind— the nature of cyclic existence, རྣམ་གྲོལ་ཞི་བ་ཡེ་ཤེས་རླུང་མཆོག་གིས།། namdröl zhiwa yeshe lung chok gi Brought under control through the supreme, utterly free and peaceful primordial wisdom energy, རང་དབང་གྱུར་ལས་རྩ་ཁམས་ཡི་གེའི་སྤྲིན།། rangwang gyur lé tsa kham yigé trin May the channels and elements be spontaneously perfected འཁོར་ལོ་ཚོགས་ཆེན་ས་ལ་ལྷུན་རྫོགས་ཤོག། khorlo tsok chen sa la lhün dzok shok On the stage of the Great Cloud Mass of Rotating Syllables .[ 1 ] COLOPHON ས་མ་ཡ། རྫོགས་རིམ་ལམ་གྱི་མདོ་ཆིངས་ཀུན།། རྡོ་རྗེའི་ཚིག་རྐང་འདིས་གྲོལ་བྱེད།། རྒྱ་རྒྱ་རྒྱཿ Samaya. These vajra verses disclose all the most essential points related to the path of the completion stage. Seal—Seal—Seal! NOTES [1] This is the thirteenth of the sixteen stages according to the Nyingma system of inner tantras. See: Rigpawiki Sixteen Bhumis . With thanks to Khenpo Sonam Tsewang and Han Kop for their assistance as part of the Longchen Nyingtik Project , 2020. Thanks to Adam Pearcey at Lotsawa House for his editing. Published: November 2020 Edited: March 2025 Photo Credit BIBLIOGRAPHY Jigme Lingpa Khyentse Özer ('jigs med gling pa mkhyen brtse 'od zer. klong chen snying gi thig las: gtum mo'i gsol 'debs rdo rje'i tshig rkang . In klong chen snying thig gi chos skor , vol. 3, 52. a 'dzom chos sgar par khang: Ngawang Sopa, 1973. BDRC W21024 . Abstract This supplication, filled with instruction for the completion stage practice of fierce inner heat, was written by Jigme Lingpa in his renowned work of The Heart Essence of the Great Expanse, or Longchen Nyingtik. It is traditionally sung after the lineage supplication and before the fierce inner heat practice. BDRC LINK W21024 DOWNLOAD TRANSLATION GO TO TRANSLATION LISTEN TO AUDIO 00:00 / 01:52 TRADITION Nyingma INCARNATION LINE Dzogchen Khyentse Pakchok Khyentse Gönchen Khyentse HISTORICAL PERIOD 18th Century TEACHERS Longchenpa Drime Özer Ngawang Lobzang Pema Nawang Kunga Legpa Chökyi Dragpa Pema Chogdrub Tenzin Yeshe Lhundrub Pal Gönpa Mön Dzakar Lama Dargye The Third Shechen Rabjam, Paljor Gyatso Drime Lingpa Tugchok Dorje TRANSLATOR Tib Shelf INSTITUTIONS Tseringjong Zha Lhakhang Boudhanath Palri Tegchen Ling Samye Chimpu STUDENTS Kunga Rinchen Changchub Dorje Jigme Ngotsar Gyatso The First Dodrubchen, Jigme Trinle Özer Gyurme Tsewang Chogdrub Jigme Losal The First Gurong, Namkhe Jigme Jigme Gyalwe Nyugu Kunga Legpe Jungne Longchen Rölpa Tsal Ngawang Tenzin Dorje Pema Tsogyal Kunga Pende Gyatso Sangye Zangpo The Second Chagtsa Tulku, Kunzang Tenpe Nyinje Jigme Gocha The Third Dzogchen Drubwang, Ngedön Tenzin Zangpo Namkha Tsewang Chogdrub The First Petsaling, Drubtob Namgyal Lhundrub Jigme Kundröl Namgyal The First Khatok Situ, Chökyi Senge The First Chagtsa Tulku, Kunzang Ngedön Wangpo AUTHOR Jigme Lingpa The Vajra Verses: A Prayer of the Fierce Inner Heat VIEW ALL PUBLICATIONS NEXT PUBLICATION > < PREVIOUS PUBLICATION Home Publications Read Listen Watch People Information About Meet the Team Services Translators Terms of Use Privacy Policy Donate Subscribe to our newsletter Support Tib Shelf's ongoing work & Subscribe Today! Name * Email* Submit Tib Shelf is a not-for-profit organisation dedicated to translating, presenting and preserving primary source Tibetan texts across a vast array of genres and time periods. We make these literary treasures accessible to readers worldwide, offering a unique window into Tibet's rich history, culture and traditions. Tib Shelf has been accredited by the British Library with the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2754–1495 CONTACT US | SHELVES@TIBSHELF.ORG © 2024 Tib Shelf. All rights reserved.

Key sections of the Tibetan Charter detailing the exile government's organizational structure - translated for historical documentation of this significant constitutional document. The Charter of the Tibetans In Exile For over one thousand years the three regions of Tibet were ruled by forty-three successive Tibetan familial kings. Beginning with the first king Nyatri Tsenpo in the second century [BCE] and [finishing with] U Dum Tsenpo in the ninth century [CE]. [During this time], the kingdom of Tibet’s military power and rule became one of Central Asia's most powerful. For this reason, it is included within the three countries of comparable strength: China, Tibet, and Mongolia. Tibet developed its own independent language and grammar from that time and was considered the second Noble Country (India) in all respects to dharma, sciences, and social civilization. In the ninth century Tibet collapsed into a fragmented state and lost its capacity to remain united. It lacked a well-organized political administrative power, and there were only ruling regional chieftains. Drogon Chogyel Pakpa (1235–1280) established a priest-patron relationship with the Great Hor in the 1260s, once again reviving a political power that pervaded Tibet's three regions in their entirety. However, shortly after this period, not only were they unable to protect the borderlands, but Tibet’s reigning party frequently changed over the next three hundred and eighty years with Pakdru, Rinpung, and Tsangpa ruling respectively. For these reasons, [a set of] laws and administrative power could not reach all of Tibet. Due to numerous domestic dissensions, Tibet’s prevailing political power dramatically diminished. From the moment His Holiness, the Great Fifth [Dalai Lama] (1617–1682), founded the Gaden Podrang Government in 1642, the tradition [which acknowledges] the successive incarnations of the Powerful Victor, [the Dalai Lama], as the leaders of the spiritual and political affairs of Tibet was inaugurated. The Tibetan political administration was correspondingly stabilized, Buddhist teachings flourished in a non-sectarian manner, and Tibetan people happily enjoyed a life of freedom. The tradition in which the incarnations of the Powerful Victor, [the Dalai Lama], gradually acquired political-administrative activities upon reaching a suitable age was established. At the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, a general secular approach and international foreign relations had not adequately developed. Additionally, not long after the Great Thirteenth [Dalai Lama] had accepted his authority over the political administration, powerful adverse conditions forced him to flee to Mongolia, China, and India. In conjunction with resettling himself in the country [of Tibet], he re-enforced Tibet’s position of power and made a [significant] declaration. In harmony with the observations of the international environment during his recent [forced] journey, he brought about outstanding achievements by exerting himself to create ways that bring comfort to Tibetan people and approaches for firmly establishing a political administration, modern education, and other institutional reforms. The main point is that for nearly four hundred years, Tibet’s political administration, [the Gaden Podrang], has been able to stably govern. In 1949 the Chinese Red Army began their violent invasion of Tibet. In 1950 when the situation in Tibet became critical, His Holiness, the Great and Supreme Fourteenth [Dalai Lama] (1935–) had to [prematurely] accept the responsibilities of the political administration even though he was only sixteen years old. Under the force of the People’s Republic of China, in 1951, Tibet had to sign the so-called Seventeenth Point Agreement. While the government of Tibet tried to abide [by the settlement] for eight years, the Chinese governmental authorities disregarded the articles of the agreement and violently suppressed the Tibetan people. As such, His Holiness, the Great and Supreme Refuge-Protector [the Dalai Lama], and the Cabinet Ministers had to relocate the Tibetan Administration to the Yulgyel Lhuntse District. There they maintained their declaration that the [Chinese government] had pressured them to sign the Seventeen Point Agreement. Immediately upon arriving in exile on 18th April 1959 in the city of Tezpur, India, [His Holiness and the Cabinet Ministers] held a press conference during which they reasserted the declaration that repudiated the Seventeen Point Agreement. All Tibetans in Tibet and diaspora continue to believe and recognize that the legitimate Tibetan Administration is wherever His Holiness [the Dalai Lama], the Great and Supreme Refuge-Proctor, and his Cabinet Ministers reside. Upon the formation of the Tibetan Administration in Exile in India, which was under the leadership of the His Holiness [the Dalai Lama], the Great and Supreme Refuge-Protector granted a legitimate democratic system, which had been his long-held wish. Subsequently, the democratically elected body of the Tibetan Parliament was established in 1960. In 1961 they prepared the constitution's fundamental principles for the future Tibetan [nation] and announced the constitution in 1963. In 1991 His Holiness [the Dalai Lama], the Great Refuge-Protector, converted the Tibetan Parliament into a proper legislative assembly. Accordingly, the eleventh Parliament established the Charter of the Tibetans in Exile, which His Holiness the great [Dalai Lama] approved on 29th June 1991. This transformed the Tibetan Administration in Exile to accord with a modern democratic system possessing a written constitution. In 2001 following the wishes of His Holiness [the Dalai Lama], the Great and Supreme Refuge-Protector, the people directly elected a Prime Minister. This was significant progress in the development of democracy. In the Charter of the Tibetans in Exile there are conditions which establish the successive incarnation of His Holiness [the Dalai Lama], the Refuge Protector, as the director of the government and the leader of the nation. However, His Holiness saw multiple long and short-term objections, necessities, and reasons for the Tibetan people not to rely on a sole person [as the head of the government]. To ultimately develop a democracy from that time onward, on 14th March 2011, His Holiness [the Dalai Lama], the Great and Supreme Refuge-Protector, did not accept the responsibilities of the political and governing administrations. Furthermore, he irrevocably and firmly declared to the [parliamentary] assembly that the leader of the political and governing administrations should be a democratically elected representative. To accomplish this [goal], the framework of the Charter would need to be amended. An appeal was put forward for him to reconsider [his declaration], but he did not accede and returned the request. Moreover, based on the eleventh chapter of the currently existing Charter, His Holiness [the Dalai Lama], the Great Refuge-Protector, gave his permission to amend the Charter and pass his responsibilities over secular affairs to the elected leaders. These leaders’ capacity to serve and be the representatives of all Tibetan people in Tibet and abroad was confirmed on 29th May 2011. Chapter 1 Fundamental Principles Article 1 - Refuge-Protector— The Symbol of Tibet and the Tibetan People The destined deity of Tibet is Avalokiteśvara who is His Holiness the Fourteenth [Dalai Lama], the Victor of the three realms and the Great and Supreme Refuge-Protector. He is the commander of the universe’s peace and the master of all the teachings of the victorious [buddhas] upon the Earth. He is the Refuge-Protector of all Tibetans, the unsurpassable leader, and a guide for moral behaviour. He is the identity of the Tibetan people, the symbol of their unity, and the sovereign spokesperson of all Tibetans. Those conditional factors have been established through the historical events over the centuries and by the culture and aspirations of sovereign Tibetans. Therefore, he intrinsically possesses the responsibilities and the authority enumerated below. 1. He shall give counsel, advice, and encouragement on any matters of the Tibetan people and the procedures of Central Tibetan Administration including the development of the Tibetan peoples’ welfare, thoughts and conduct, the preservation and promotion of Buddhism, culture, and sciences, and the methods that accomplish the main goal of Tibet. 2. Whenever His Holiness [the Dalai Lama], the Great Refuge-Protector, sees the necessity, or upon the request from the leaders, he shall state his judgment concerning the prominent matters of the Tibetan people, society, Buddhism, and politics to the parliament and cabinet as grounds for investigation. 3. For the Central Tibetan Administration and the Tibetan people, he shall meet and discuss with international leaders and various important people. His Holiness shall bestow the title of the representative of His Holiness [the Dalai Lama], the Great and Supreme Refuge-Protector, to the official representatives and specified representatives who have been appointed by the cabinet. (continued) Chapter 4 (continued) Article 28 - His Holiness and the Summoning of the Cabinet Meetings Withdrawn (Continued) Article 31 - Council of Regents Withdrawn Article 32 - Chairman of the Council of Regents Withdrawn Article 33 - Duties and Powers of the Council of Regents Withdrawn Article 34 - Dissolution of the Council of Regents and Removal of Regents Withdrawn Article 35 - Term of Office and Salary of the Council of Regents Withdrawn (continued) Chapter 5 (continued) Article 43 - His Holiness [the Dalai Lama]’s Annual Address and Communications to the Tibetan Parliamentary Assembly Withdrawn Article 44 - Rights of the President and the Admission of Cabinet Ministers in the Sessions of the Tibetan Assembly The President and Cabinet Ministers have the right to take part in the sessions of the parliamentary assembly and the sessions of the standing committees. They have the right to deliver speeches, engage in debate, and propose the agenda. However, they do not possess the right to vote [in the assembly]. (continued) Chapter 6 (continued) Article 68 - Obtaining the Judgement from the Supreme Justice Commission Withdrawn (continued) Article 70 - Office of the Judicial Administration Withdrawn Chapter 8 Electoral Procedures Article 96 - Tibetan Central Election Commission There shall be an independent Tibetan Central Election Commission for the discharge of duties pertaining to the election of the members of the Tibetan Assembly, the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker of the Tibetan Assembly, and the Auditor General as well as any other election responsibilities regarding referendums on major issues involving the interest of Tibetan citizens. Article 97 - Chief Election Commissioner of the Tibetan Central Election Commission, Their Responsibilities and Power 1.a. Whenever the Tibetan Central Election Commission requires a Chief Commissioner due to its vacancy, the Supreme Justice, the Speaker, Deputy Speaker, and the President are to set up a special committee comprised of three people specifically assigned to select candidates. The proposed candidates should be at least double [the vacancy] and voted upon in parliament. Whosesoever wins the majority shall be recognized as the selected Chief Commissioner of the Tibetan Central Election Commission. Otherwise from time-to-time, the cabinet can appoint the necessary members after consulting with the Chief Commissioner of the Tibetan Central Election Commission. 1.b. Whenever there is the need to appoint a Chief Commissioner for the Tibetan Central Election Commission when the parliament is not in session, with more than two-thirds majority, the standing parliament can appoint a Chief Commissioner from amongst the candidates proposed by the aforementioned selection committee. 2.a. Whenever there is the need for an election of the President and the Members of Parliament, two additional Election Commissioners are required in the Tibetan Central Election Commission beginning from the official announcement for commencing the election up until the time of declaring the final results. The Supreme Justice, the Speaker, Deputy Speaker, and the President are to set up a special committee comprised of three people specifically assigned to select candidates. The proposed candidates should be at least double [the vacancy] and voted upon in parliament. Whosesoever wins the majority shall be recognized as the selected additional Election Commissioner of the Tibetan Central Election Commission. Conversely, it is sufficient for the parliamentary assembly to decide [and appoint an additional Election Commissioner] with a majority [vote] as long as the committee mutually supports the chairman of the Public Service Commission and the Tibetan Audit Commission. 2.b. Whenever there is the need to appoint an additional Election Commissioner of the Tibetan Central Election Commission when the parliament is not in session, with more than two-thirds majority, the parliamentary standing committee can appoint an additional Election Commissioner from amongst the candidates proposed by the aforementioned selection committee. 2.c. Before entering into their responsibilities, the Chief Election Commissioner and the two additional Election Commissioners of the Tibetan Central Election Commission must take an oath before the Supreme Justice Commissioner per the main points settled in the law. 3. From the appointment of the additional Election Commissioners of the Tibetan Central Election Commission until the declaration of the final electoral results, all the electoral procedures shall be decided by the Chief Election Commissioner of the Tibetan Central Election Commission and the two additional Electoral Commissioners either through a unanimous or majority decision. The Chief Electoral Commissioner shall be in charge of the committee of the electoral commission. 4. The duties and powers of the Election Commission and framework of their procedures and functions shall be implemented as determined by the parliamentary assembly. 5. Per articles of this charter, the Tibetan Central Election Commission shall formulate the regulations of the general election, which shall be implemented as determined by the parliamentary assembly. 6. The Tibetan Central Election Commission shall investigate and resolve all irregularities or discrepancies involving election procedure. If the decision made by the commission is disapproved, the matter may not be brought before any other Justice Commission except the Supreme Justice Commission. 7. Any irregularities or discrepancies involving election procedure in separate Tibetan settlements may be investigated and resolved by the Local Election Commission. If the decision made by the Local Election Commission is disapproved, the matter may be brought before the Tibetan Central Election Commission. If the matter remains unresolved, the matter may be referred to the Supreme Justice Commission. Article 98 - Salary of the Chief Commissioner of the Tibetan Central Election Commission (continued) 3. If only one person is acting as the Chief Election Commissioner and the additional Election Commissioner, then there is no need to determine a separate salary, allowances, pension, and other privileges. If another person is appointed in addition, the salary, allowances, and other privileges are comparable to the Chief Commissioner’s other than the pension. Article 99 - Term of the Chief Commissioner of the Tibetan Central Election Commission 1. The term of the Chief Commissioner shall be [set to] five years unless a resolution calling for the removal of the Chief Commissioner of the Tibetan Central Election Commission is approved by more than two-thirds majority of the parliamentary assembly, or the term of the Chief Commissioner shall be [annulled] upon reaching the age of sixty-five, whichever the case may be. (continued) Chapter 9 (continued) Article 101 - Composition of the Public Service Commission 1. The Public Service Commission must function with a Chairperson and two to four Committee Members. Whenever there is a vacancy, the Supreme Justice, the Speaker, Deputy Speaker, and the President set-up a special committee comprised of three people specifically assigned to select candidates. The proposed candidates should be at least double [the vacancy] and voted upon in parliament. Whosoever wins the majority shall be recognized as the selected Chairperson or a Committee Person of the Public Service Commission. 2. Whenever there is the need to appoint a Chairperson or Committee Member for the Public Service Commission when the parliament is not in session, with more than two-thirds majority, the standing parliament can appoint a new Chairperson or Committee Member from amongst the candidates proposed by the aforementioned selection committee. 3. Before entering into their responsibilities, the Chairperson or Committee Member of the Public Service Commission must take an oath before the Supreme Justice Commissioner per the main points settled in the law. (continued) Article 103 - Rules of the Procedures and Functions of the Public Service Commission The formulated framework of procedures of the Public Service Commission shall be implemented as determined by the parliamentary assembly. (continued) Chapter 10 (continued) Article 107 - Composition of the Tibetan Audit Commission 1.a. Whenever the Tibetan Audit Commission requires an Auditor General due to its vacancy, the Supreme Justice, the Speaker, Deputy Speaker, and the President are to set up a special committee comprised of three people specifically assigned to select candidates. The proposed candidates should be at least double [the vacancy] and voted upon in parliament. Whosoever wins the majority shall be recognized as selected Auditor General of the Tibetan Audit Commission. 1.b. Whenever there is the need to appoint an Auditor General of the Tibetan Audit Commission when the parliament is not in session, with more than two-thirds majority, the standing parliament can appoint an Auditor General from amongst the candidates proposed by the aforementioned selection committee. 2. Before entering into their responsibilities, the Auditor General of the Tibetan Audit Commission must take an oath before the Supreme Justice Commissioner per the main points settled in the law. (continued) Chapter 11 (continued) Article 112 - Referendum Withdrawn Article 113 - Transitional Provisions Withdrawn Article 114 - Infrastructural Reorganisation Withdrawn (continued) Appendix No 1. A - Oaths for the Duties of the President and the Cabinet Ministers President: Since I, ( name ), have been elected as the President of the Tibetan Administration, with faith and trust in the Charter of the Tibetans in Exile, I will fulfil all duties and obligations of the President in accordance with the fundamental principles of the charter. I will serve to the best of my ability with sincerity and pure intentions devoid of self-centred partiality, apprehension, and favouritism. Cabinet Minister: Since I, ( name ), have been elected as a Cabinet Ministers of the Tibetan Administration, with faith and trust in the Charter of the Tibetans in Exile, I will fulfil all duties and obligations of a Cabinet Ministers in accordance with the fundamental principles of the charter. I will serve to the best of my ability with sincerity and pure intentions devoid of self-centred partiality, apprehension, and favouritism. I make this firm oath with the Three Jewels as my witness. Or I solemnly swear. Appendix No 1. B - Oaths of Confidentiality President: I, ( name ), will never directly or indirectly disclose to anyone the confidential matters related to the duties of the President unless the government has decided to make an announcement for the interest of Tibet and the Tibetan people. Cabinet Minister: I, ( name ), will never directly or indirectly disclose to anyone the confidential matters related to the duties of the Cabinet Ministers unless the government has decided to announce them for the interest of Tibet and the Tibetan people. I make this firm oath with the Three Jewels as my witness. Or I solemnly swear. Appendix No 2 - Oaths for the Duties of the Members of Parliament Since I, ( name ), have been elected as a member of the (XX) Tibetan Parliament, with faith and trust in the Charter of the Tibetans in Exile, I will fulfil all duties and obligations of the members of the parliament in accordance with the fundamental principles of the charter. I will serve to the best of my ability with sincerity and pure intentions devoid of self-centred partiality, apprehension, and favouritism. I make this firm oath with the Three Jewels as my witness. Or I solemnly swear. Appendix No 3 - Oaths for the Duties of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker Speaker: Since I, ( name ), have been elected as the Speaker of the Tibetan Parliament, with faith and trust in the Charter of the Tibetans in Exile, I will fulfil all duties and obligations of the Speaker in accordance with the fundamental principles of the charter. I will serve to the best of my ability with sincerity and pure intentions devoid of self-centred partiality, apprehension, and favouritism. Deputy Speaker: Since I, ( name ), have been elected as the Deputy Speaker of the Tibetan Parliament, with faith and trust in the Charter of the Tibetans in Exile, I will fulfil all duties and obligations of the Deputy Speaker in accordance with the fundamental principles of the charter. I will serve to the best of my ability with sincerity and pure intentions devoid of self-centred partiality, apprehension, and favouritism. I make this firm oath with the Three Jewels as my witness. Or I solemnly swear. Appendix No 4 - Oaths for the Duties of the Supreme Justice Commissioner and the Members of the Justice Commission Supreme Justice Commissioner: Since I, ( name ), have been elected as the Supreme Justice Commissioner of the Central Tibetan Administration, with faith and trust in the Charter of the Tibetans in Exile, I will fulfil all duties and obligations of Supreme Justice Commissioner in accordance with the fundamental principles of the charter. I will serve to the best of my ability and wise discernment with sincerity and pure intentions devoid of self-centred partiality, apprehension, and favouritism. Members of the Justice Commission: Since I, ( name ), have been elected as a member of the Justice Commission of the Central Tibetan Administration, with faith and trust in the Charter of the Tibetans in Exile, I will fulfil all duties and obligations of a member of the Justice Commission in accordance with the fundamental principles of the charter. I will serve to the best of my ability and wise discernment with sincerity and pure intentions devoid of self-centred partiality, apprehension, and favouritism. I make this firm oath with the Three Jewels as my witness. Or I solemnly swear. Appendix No 5 - Oaths for the Duties of the Chief Election Commissioner and the Additional Commissioners Chief Election Commissioner: Since I, ( name ), have been elected as the Chief Election Commissioner of the Tibetan Central Election Commission, with faith and trust in the Charter of the Tibetans in Exile, I will fulfil all duties and obligations of Chief Election Commissioner of the Tibetan Central Election Commission in accordance with the fundamental principles of the charter. I will serve to the best of my ability with sincerity and pure intentions devoid of self-centred partiality, apprehension, and favouritism. Additional Election Commissioner: Since I, ( name ), have been elected as an additional Election Commissioner of the Tibetan Central Election Commission, with faith and trust in the Charter of the Tibetans in Exile, I will fulfil all duties and obligations of an additional Election Commissioner of the Tibetan Central Election Commission in accordance with the fundamental principles of the charter. I will serve to the best of my ability with sincerity and pure intentions devoid of self-centred partiality, apprehension, and favouritism. I make this firm oath with the Three Jewels as my witness. Or I solemnly swear. Appendix No 6 - Oaths for the Duties of the Chairperson and Committee Members of the Public Service Commission Chairperson: Since I, ( name ), have been elected as the Chairperson of the Public Service Commission, with faith and trust in the Charter of the Tibetans in Exile, I will fulfil all duties and obligations of the Chairperson of the Public Service Commission in accordance with the fundamental principles of the charter. I will serve to the best of my ability with sincerity and pure intentions devoid of self-centred partiality, apprehension, and favouritism. Committee Member: Since I, ( name ), have been elected as a Committee Member of the Public Service Commission, with faith and trust in the Charter of the Tibetans in Exile, I will fulfil all duties and obligations of a committee member of the Public Service Commission in accordance with the fundamental principles of the charter. I will serve to the best of my ability with sincerity and pure intentions devoid of self-centred partiality, apprehension, and favouritism. I make this firm oath with the Three Jewels as my witness. Or I solemnly swear. Appendix No 7 - Oaths for the Duties of the Auditor General of the Tibetan Audit Commission Since I, ( name ), have been elected as the Auditor General of the Tibetan Administration, with faith and trust in the Charter of the Tibetans in Exile, I will fulfil all duties and obligations of the Auditor General in accordance with the fundamental principles of the charter. I will serve to the best of my ability and wise discernment with sincerity and pure intentions devoid of self-centred partiality, apprehension, favouritism. I make this firm oath with the Three Jewels as my witness. Or I solemnly swear. The above charter contains all the amendments made up until 6th February 2020. COLOPHON None NOTES None BIBLIOGRAPHY See link above Abstract A translation of pertinent and interesting sections of the Tibetan Charter, a document setting out the organisation structure of its government. This translation is purely for a historical presentation. LINK DOWNLOAD TRANSLATION GO TO TRANSLATION LISTEN TO AUDIO 00:00 / 00:27 TRADITION N/A INCARNATION LINE N/A HISTORICAL PERIOD 20th Century 21st Century TEACHERS N/A TRANSLATOR Tib Shelf INSTITUTION Government STUDENTS N/A AUTHORS Tibetan Government in Exile The Charter of the Tibetans In Exile VIEW ALL PUBLICATIONS NEXT PUBLICATION > < PREVIOUS PUBLICATION Home Publications Read Listen Watch People Information About Meet the Team Services Translators Terms of Use Privacy Policy Donate Subscribe to our newsletter Support Tib Shelf's ongoing work & Subscribe Today! Name * Email* Submit Tib Shelf is a not-for-profit organisation dedicated to translating, presenting and preserving primary source Tibetan texts across a vast array of genres and time periods. We make these literary treasures accessible to readers worldwide, offering a unique window into Tibet's rich history, culture and traditions. Tib Shelf has been accredited by the British Library with the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2754–1495 CONTACT US | SHELVES@TIBSHELF.ORG © 2024 Tib Shelf. All rights reserved.

Tsongkhapa's celebrated ode to Sarasvatī resonates beyond monastery walls into Tibet's artistic and literary spheres, becoming a cultural touchstone of devotional poetry. In Praise of the Goddess Sarasvatī ཨོཾ་བདེ་ལེགས་སུ་གྱུར་ཅིག ། om delek su gyur chik OM: may there be goodness! ཆུ་འཛིན་དཀར་པོ་གློག་ཕྲེང་དྲ་བ་ཅན། ། chudzin karpo lok treng drawachen Like a white cloud decoratively latticed with lightning མཁའ་ཡི་མཛེས་བྱེད་འདྲ་བའི་ཡིད་འཕྲོག་མ། ། kha yi dzejé drawé yitrok ma Adorning the sky, you are the utterly captivating goddess. དྲི་ཟའི་ན་ཆུང་དབུས་ན་འཇོ་སྒེག་མཁན། ། drizé na chung ü na jogek khen Balanced in the center of youthful gandharvas, [ 1 ] your charm is enchanting. རིང་ནས་བརྩེ་བའི་ལྷ་མོ་ད་ཚུར་བྱོན། ། ring né tsewé lhamo datsur jön Come here now, ever-kind and loving goddess. པདྨའི་བཞིན་ལ་གཡོ་ལྡན་བུང་བའི་མིག ། pemé shin la yoden bungwé mik On your lotus face, the honey bees of your eyes dance about. མཐོན་མཐིང་རལ་པའི་རྩེ་ན་འོད་དཀར་ཅན། ། tönting ralpé tsé na ökar chen The tips of your deep black locks glisten with a brilliant luster. རོལ་སྒེག་གར་གྱིས་འགྱིང་བའི་དབྱངས་ཅན་མ། ། rol gek gar gyi gyingwé yangchenma O Sarasvatī, gracefully poised in a mesmerizing dance, ད་དུང་བདག་ལ་ངག་གི་དབང་ཕྱུག་སྩོལ། ། dadung dak la ngak gi wangchuk tsol Continue to grant me mastery over the power of speech. རོལ་རྩེད་གར་གྱི་ཉམས་ལྡན་རི་དྭགས་མིག ། roltsé gar gyi nyamden ridak mik Playfully frolicking about with beautiful, deer-like eyes. མིག་གིས་ལྟ་བས་མི་ངོམས་ཡིད་འཕྲོག་མ། ། mik gi tawé mi ngom yitrok ma Eyes never tire of gazing upon you, enthralling goddess. མ་ལྟར་བརྩེ་བ་ཁྱོད་ཀྱིས་བདག་གི་ངག ། ma tar tsewa khyö kyi dak gi ngak Goddess as loving as a mother, grant me the blessings of speech, ངག་དབང་ལྷ་མོ་ཉིད་དང་མཚུངས་པར་མཛོད། ། ngawang lhamo nyi dang tsungpar dzö Speech the very likes of yours, O goddess of voice and words. སྟོན་ཟླ་རྒྱས་པའི་དཔལ་ལས་ལྷག་པར་མཛེས། ། tön da gyepé pal lé lhakpar dzé More beautiful than the glory of the full autumn moon, ཚངས་དབྱངས་སྙན་པའི་གདངས་ཀྱང་ཟིལ་གྱིས་གནོན། ། tsang yang nyenpé dang kyang zil gyi nön Outshining even the likes of the melodies of Brahmā, ཟབ་ཡངས་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་འཇིང་ལྟར་དཔག་དཀའ་བ། ། zab yang gyatsö jing tar pak kawa More difficult to fathom than the depths of the vast oceans— དབྱངས་ཅན་ལྷ་མོའི་སྐུ་གསུང་ཐུགས་ལ་འདུད། ། yangchen lhamö ku sung tuk la dü To your body, speech, and mind, Sarasvatī, I bow down! COLOPHON ཅེས་སྒྲ་དབྱངས་ལྷ་མོ་སྤྱན་དྲངས་ནས་བསྟོད་ཅིང་གསོལ་བ་གདབ་པ་ཡུལ་བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་སྙན་དངགས་མཁན་བློ་བཟང་གྲགས་པའི་དཔལ་གྱིས་སྦྱར་བའོ།། Having invited the goddess Sarasvatī in such a way, praise and supplicate her! This was composed by the poet of the northern lands, the glorious Lobsang Drakpa. NOTES [1] Gandharvas are known as celestial musicians. Photo credit: Himalayan Art Resources BIBLIOGRAPHY Blo bzang grags pa'i dpal. 1997. Sgra dbyangs lha mo dbyangs can ma la bstod pa'i tshigs su bcad pa . In Gsung 'bum/_tsong kha pa/?bkras lhun par rnying / d+ha sar bskyar par brgyab pa/?, vol 2, p. 326. Dharamsala: Sherig Parkhang. BDRC W29193 Abstract One of the most famous poems in Tibetan history in which Tsongkhapa calls out and praises the goddess Sarasvatī. This poem is not only chanted in monastic halls but also sung by performing artists and taught in literature classes. BDRC LINK W29193 DOWNLOAD TRANSLATION GO TO TRANSLATION LISTEN TO AUDIO 00:00 / 01:31 TRADITION Geluk INCARNATION LINE N/A HISTORICAL PERIOD 14th Century 15th Century TEACHERS Lama Dampa Sönam Gyaltsen Khenchen Kunga Gyaltsen The First Lelung Jedrung, Drubchen Namkha Gyaltsen The Fourth Karmapa, Rölpe Dorje Chökyi Gyalpo Jonang Khenchen Chogle Namgyal Rinchen Namgyal Zhönu Changchub Özer Döndrub Rinchen Dragkar Khenchen Chökyab Zangpo Nya Ön Kunga Pal Kyungpo Lepa Zhönu Sönam Jamyang Chökyi Palwa Chöpal Zangpo Döndrub Zangpo Umapa Tsöndru Senge Rendawa Zhönu Lodrö Khenchen Chökyab Palzangpo Khenchen Tsultrim Rinchen Changchub Tsemo TRANSLATOR Lowell Cook INSTITUTIONS Ganden Sera Monastery Drepung Monastery Kumbum Jampa Ling Sangpu Neutok Rakadrak Hermitage Reting Monastery Pabongkha Hermitage Sera Chöding Gadong Ölga Chölung Lhasa Tsuglakhang Ölga Samling Monastery STUDENTS Khenchen Tashi Senge The First Kirti, Gendun Gyaltsen Śākya Palzang Samlo Sangye Tashi Samten Lodrö The First Lelung Jedrung, Drubchen Namkha Gyaltsen Rinchen Samdrub Dulzin Dragpa Gyaltsen Jampal Gyatso Sherab Senge Dzepa Palden Zangpo Dönyö Gyaltsen The Fourth Ganden Tripa, Legpa Gyaltsen Norzang Rinchen Palzang Rinchen Gyaltsen Gö Lotsāwa Zhönu Pal Śākya Yeshe Tsakho Nagwang Dragpa Jampal Chözang Zang Kyongwa Changchub Senge Sherab Drak Jampal Tashi Pal Kyong Hortön Namkha Palwa Jamyang Chöje Tashi Palden The First Tagpu Tulku, Palden Döndrub Sangye Rinchen Gyaltsen The First Tatsak, Baso Chökyi Gyaltsen Gungru Gyaltsen Zangpo The Seventh Ganden Tripa, Lodrö Tenpa Gyalwa Kachupa Sönam Lhundrub The First Paṇchen Lama, Khedrubje Gelek Palzang Gyaltsab Darma Rinchen Changsem Chöpak Chöpak Gyaltsen The First Lab Kyabgön, Yönten Pal Lodrö Gyaltsen Zhang Zhung Chöwang Dragpa Sönam Zangpo Sangye Yeshe Sönam Namgyal Sherab Zangpo AUTHOR Tsongkhapa Lobzang Drakpa In Praise of the Goddess Sarasvatī VIEW ALL PUBLICATIONS NEXT PUBLICATION > < PREVIOUS PUBLICATION Home Publications Read Listen Watch People Information About Meet the Team Services Translators Terms of Use Privacy Policy Donate Subscribe to our newsletter Support Tib Shelf's ongoing work & Subscribe Today! Name * Email* Submit Tib Shelf is a not-for-profit organisation dedicated to translating, presenting and preserving primary source Tibetan texts across a vast array of genres and time periods. We make these literary treasures accessible to readers worldwide, offering a unique window into Tibet's rich history, culture and traditions. Tib Shelf has been accredited by the British Library with the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2754–1495 CONTACT US | SHELVES@TIBSHELF.ORG © 2024 Tib Shelf. All rights reserved.

A prayer aspiring to rebirth in Pemakö, a sacred hidden land where dharmic conditions flourish and worldly obstacles dissolve - composed by Lelung Shepé Dorje. An Aspiration to Travel to the Hidden Land of Pemokö རྩ་གསུམ་ཀུན་འདུས་པདྨ་ཐོད་འཕྲེང་རྩལ། tsa sum kündü pema tö treng tsal Embodiment of the Three Roots, Pema Tötrengtsal, དཔའ་བོ་མཁའ་འགྲོའི་ཚོགས་དང་བཅས་པ་རྣམས། pawo khandrö tsok dang chepa nam Together with the gatherings of heroes and ḍākinīs , བདག་གི་སྨོན་པ་འགྲུབ་པའི་དཔང་པོ་རུ། dak gi mönpa drubpé pangpo ru Come here unimpededly and remain ཐོགས་མེད་གཤེགས་ལ་འདིར་བཞུགས་དགོངས་སུ་གསོལ། tokmé shek la dir shuk gong su sol Witnessing me as I make this aspiration, I pray. བདག་གཞན་སྐྱེ་འཕགས་ཀུན་ཀྱི་དུས་གསུམ་དུ། dakshen kyé pak kün kyi dü sum du Through whatever collections of virtue that accumulated throughout the three times by myself བསགས་པའི་དགེ་ཚོགས་ཇི་སྙེད་བགྱིས་པ་དང་། sakpé gé tsok jinyé gyipa dang And others, all ordinary beings and noble ones, རིག་འཛིན་མཁའ་འགྲོའི་ཐུགས་བསྐྱེད་བདེན་སྟོབས་ཀྱིས། rigdzin khandrö tukkyé den tob kyi And the power of the truth of the bodhicitta resolve of the vidyādharas and ḍākinīs , སྨོན་པའི་དོན་འདི་ཐོགས་མེད་མྱུར་འགྲུབ་ཤོག mönpé dön di tokmé nyur drub shok May the aim of this aspiration be quickly accomplished without impediment! གངས་ཅན་སྐྱེ་དགུའི་བསོད་ནམས་ཞིང་མཆོག་ཏུ། gangchen kyegü sönam shing chok tu In this supreme meritorious realm of the people of the snow mountains, པདྨས་བྱིན་བརླབ་སྦས་གནས་ཀུན་ཀྱི་མཆོག pemé jin lab bé né kün kyi chok Supreme among all the hidden lands blessed by Padmasambhava is མཁའ་སྤྱོད་གཉིས་པ་པདྨོ་བཀོད་འདི་ཡི། khachö nyipa pemo kö di yi This second Khecara, Pemokö— ངོ་མཚར་སྣང་བ་གཏན་ལ་ཕེབས་པར་ཤོག ngotsar nangwa ten la pebpar shok May we see its wondrous marvel in actuality! འབྱུང་བཞིའི་གཡང་བཅུད་སྣོད་ཀྱི་དགེ་བཅུ་རྒྱས། jung shi yang chü nö kyi gé chu gyé In the environment of the essential wealth of the four elements, the ten virtues increase, and ལོ་ལེགས་སྐྱ་རྒྱལ་འདོད་དགུ་ངང་གིས་འདུ། lo lek kya gyal dögu ngang gi du The grain of a good harvest and everything one could desire naturally come together ནད་ཡམས་འཁྲུགས་རྩོད་དུས་ཀྱི་ཆད་པ་ཀུན། né yam truktsö dü kyi chepa kün Even the names of the calamities of contagious disease, strife, and war are not heard— མིང་ཡང་མི་གྲགས་རྟག་ཏུ་ཤིས་པར་ཤོག ming yang mi drak taktu shipar shok May there be this constant auspiciousness! ཀླ་ཀློ་མི་རྒོད་གཅན་གཟན་འབུ་སྦྲང་སོགས། lalo migö chenzen bu drang sok Barbarians, savages, carnivorous wild beasts and insects and the like, མཆུ་སྡེར་མཆེ་བ་ཅན་ཀྱི་གདུག་རྩུབ་དང་། chu der chewachen kyi duktsub dang With their menacing claws, fangs, and beaks, as well as གནས་སྲུང་སྡེ་བརྒྱད་མཁའ་འགྲོའི་ཆོ་འཕྲུལ་སོགས། né sung dé gyé khandrö chotrul sok The sorcerous tricks of the local guardians, the eight classes of spirits, and the ḍākinīs — གཟུགས་མེད་འཚུབ་མའི་བར་ཆད་ཞི་བར་ཤོག zukmé tsub mé barché shiwar shok May all unseen disruptive obstacles be pacified! སྐྲངས་འབུར་ཤུ་ཐོར་ཚད་ནད་རྐང་འབམ་དང་། trang bur shu tor tsé né kang bam dang May swollen protrusions, abscesses, inflammatory diseases, elephantiasis, དམུ་ཆུ་གྲང་བ་ཆུ་སེར་ལ་སོགས་པའི། mu chu drangwa chuser lasokpé Edema, cold natured illnesses, lymphatic disorders, and all such illnesses འབྱུང་བཞིའི་ནད་དང་དུག་རླངས་རྒྱུན་ཆད་ཅིང་། jung shi né dang duk lang gyünché ching Of the four elements and infectious vapours, དོན་གཉེར་ཅན་ཀུན་བགེགས་མེད་བགྲོད་པར་ཤོག dönnyer chen kün gekmé dröpar shok Be eliminated and all who possess ardour travel without obstruction! གངས་ཅན་བོད་ཀྱི་སྐལ་ལྡན་ཀུན་འདུ་ཞིང་། gangchen bö kyi kalden kün du shing May the fortunate ones of snowy Tibet come together བཤད་སྒྲུབ་ཐུབ་བསྟན་སྙིང་པོ་དར་བ་དང་། shedrub tubten nyingpo darwa dang And spread the essential teachings of theory and practice, ཁྱད་པར་རྡོ་རྗེའི་ཐེག་པའི་མྱུར་ལམ་ལས། khyepar dorjé tekpé nyurlam lé Particularly, by the swift path of the Vajrayāna , སྦས་གནས་གྲུབ་ཐོབ་ཕོ་མོས་གང་བར་ཤོག bé né drubtob po mö gangwar shok May the hidden land be filled with male and female accomplished ones. གང་ཞིག་གནས་འདིར་བགྲོད་པ་ཙམ་བགྱིས་མོས། gangshik né dir dröpa tsam gyi mö Whoever merely aspires to reach this place— སྡིག་སྒྲིབ་ཉེས་ལྟུང་དྲི་མའི་ཚོགས་དག་ནས། dikdrib nyetung drimé tsok dak né Their accumulated stains of misdeeds, obscurations, faults, and downfalls will be purified, ཉམས་དང་རྟོགས་པ་ངང་གྱིས་འབར་བ་དང་། nyam dang tokpa ngang gyi barwa dang And by the natural blazing of experience and realisation, རྩ་རླུང་ཐིག་ལེ་སྨིན་ཅིང་གྲོལ་བར་ཤོག tsa lung tiklé min ching drolwar shok May the channels, winds, and essences ripen and be liberated! གནས་འདིའི་སྒོ་འབྱེད་བཞད་པའི་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་། né di gojé shepé dorjé dang May the intentions of the ones who opened this hidden land, Zhepe Dorje and རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ལྷ་གཅིག་རྡོ་རྗེ་སྐྱབས་བྱེད་ཀྱི། gyalyum lha chik dorjé kyab jé kyi The mother of the victorious ones Lhachik Dorje Kyabje, [ 1 ] ཐུགས་ཀྱི་བཞེད་པ་ཇི་བཞིན་འགྲུབ་པ་དང་། tuk kyi shepa jishin drubpa dang Be accomplished just as they were made. བསྐལ་པ་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་བར་དུ་ཞབས་བརྟན་ཤོག kalpa gyatsö bardu shabten shok May they both live for an ocean of eons! གསང་མཆོག་མཁའ་འགྲོ་རྒྱ་མཚོས་ལུང་བསྟན་པའི། sang chok khandro gyatsö lungtenpé Those prophesied by the vast multitudes of supremely secret ḍākinīs , སྣ་འདྲེན་དཔའ་བོ་དཔལ་རྒྱལ་རྗེ་འབངས་ཀུན། na dren pawo pal gyal jebang kün The guide, the heroes, the glorious king, the lord and his subjects, གནས་སྐབས་མངོན་མཐོའི་ལེགས་ཚོགས་ཀུན་རྒྱས་ཤིང་། nekab ngön tö lektsok kün gyé shing For the time being, may all excellent things of the higher realms increase for them, and མཐར་ཐུག་པདྨ་འོད་དུ་གྲོལ་བར་ཤོག tartuk pema ö du drolwar shok May they ultimately be liberated in the [Palace of] Lotus Light! མཁའ་འགྲོ་རྒྱ་མཚོས་རྟག་ཏུ་གྲོགས་མཛད་ཅིང་། khandro gyatsö taktu drok dzé ching May the hosts of ḍākinīs always offer companionship, དམ་ཅན་སྲུང་མས་འཕྲིན་ལས་སྒྲུབ་པ་དང་། damchen sungmé trinlé drubpa dang The oath-bound protectors accomplish their enlightened activities, and ཇི་ལྟར་བརྩིས་པའི་ལས་ཀྱི་བྱ་བ་ཀུན། jitar tsipé lé kyi jawa kün Every deed and action, just as they have been divined, བསྟན་འགྲོའི་དོན་ཆེན་ཁོ་ནར་འགྱུར་བར་ཤོག ten drö dön chen khonar gyurwar shok Result only in great benefit for the teachings and beings! གནས་འདིའི་ཕྱོགས་སུ་ངལ་བ་བརྟེན་པ་ཀུན། né di chok su ngalwa tenpa kün May all the weary ones who strive to reach this place རྟག་ཏུ་བླ་མ་མཁའ་འགྲོས་རྗེས་བཟུང་སྟེ། taktu lama khandrö jezung té Always be watched over and accepted by the guru and ḍākinīs , and ཐུགས་རྗེའི་བྱིན་རླབས་སྙིང་ལ་འཇུག་པ་དང་། tukjé jinlab nying la jukpa dang The blessing of compassion enter into their hearts, འདི་ཕྱིའི་དོན་རྣམས་ངང་གིས་འགྲུབ་པར་ཤོག di chi dön nam ngang gi drubpar shok So they naturally accomplish the benefit of this life and the next! སྤྲུལ་པའི་གནས་འདིའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་འགྲིག་པའི་མཐུས། trulpé né di tendrel drikpé tü May all the invading enemies of snowy Tibet be averted གངས་ཅན་བོད་ཀྱི་མཐའ་དམག་ཀུན་བཟློག་ཅིང་། gangchen bö kyi tamak kün dok ching By the power of the auspicious interdependence of this emanating place, and སྐྱེ་དགུ་ཐམས་ཅད་བོད་ཞིང་སྐྱིད་པ་དང་། kyegu tamché bö shing kyipa dang May all the beings of the land of Tibet be happy, and ཐུབ་པའི་བསྟན་པ་དར་ཞིང་རྒྱས་པར་ཤོག tubpé tenpa dar shing gyepar shok The doctrine of the Buddha flourish and spread! ངན་སོང་གསུམ་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཀུན་ཆད་ཅིང་། ngensong sum gyi dukngal kün ché ching May all the suffering of the three lower realms cease, and ཁམས་གསུམ་འོག་མིན་ཞིང་དུ་འབྱོངས་པ་དང་། kham sum womin shing du jongpa dang The three realms attain the perfection of Akaniṣṭha ! ཇི་སྲིད་ནམ་མཁའ་ཟད་པར་མ་གྱུར་བར། jisi namkha zepar magyurwar May the ornamented wheels of the three secrets blaze གསང་གསུམ་རྒྱན་གྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་འབར་བར་ཤོག sang sum gyen gyi khorlo barwar shok For as long as space remains! COLOPHON ཅེས་ལའང་དཔའ་བོའི་ཁྱུ་མཆོག་འོར་ཤོད་ཨོ་རང་གི་ཁྱིམ་བདག་ཆེན་པོ་དཔལ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་སྦས་ཡུལ་ཆེན་པོ་པདྨ་བཀོད་མགྲིན་པ་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོའི་ཆ་ལས་གནས་ནང་སྡིངས་ཀྱི་སྒྲུབ་སྡེ་པདྨ་འོད་གླིང་གི་འདུས་པ་རྣམས་ལ་རྒྱུན་དུ་བཙུགས་ཆོག་པ་དགོས་ཚུལ་གྱིས་བསྐུལ་མ་མཛད་པ་བཞིན་རིག་པ་འཛིན་པ་བཞད་པའི་རྡོ་རྗེས་བག་ཡོད་ཅེས་པ་ཆུ་མོ་གླང་གི་ལོ་སྤྲེའུ་ཟླ་བའི་དཀར་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་གྲལ་ཚེས་དགེ་བར་པདྨ་ཡང་སྡོང་གི་ཁང་བུར་ཤར་མར་སྤེལ་བའི་ཡི་གེ་པ་ནི་རྡོ་རྗེ་གསང་བདག་གོ། Thus, the great householder Palgyal[ 2 ] of the supremely heroic Orshö Orang family requested Zhepe Dorje on behalf of the monks of the Pema Ö Ling retreat center in the sacred place of Nang Ding, which is the aspect of the throat cakra of enjoyment in the great hidden land of Pemakö , for an essential [prayer] that would be suitable for regular use. Accordingly, in the quaint residence of Pema Yangdong Dorje on the virtuous day of the first half of the Monkey month in the Female Water Ox year (1733) called Incautious[ 3 ], the vidyādhara Zhepe Dorje clearly dictated [this prayer] to the scribe Dorje Sangdak. NOTES [1] Lha gcig rdo rje skyabs byed, BDRC P2CN4771 [2] Personal Communication – Franz-Karl Ehrhard (2018). Orshö Orang were landed nobility in eastern Kongpo and important benefactors (sbyin bdag) specifically to Chöje Lingpa (1682–1720). The transliteration for this textual line is: dpa' bo'i khyu mchog 'or shod o rang gi khyim bdag chen po dpal rgyal gyis. [3] The term for the female Water Ox is bag med (pramādin). Although it is a rendering of a negative verb of existence—med pa, it is commonly written with a positive verb of existence—yod pa, lending to a rendering of bag yod. [4] For more information about the life of Lelung Zhepai Dorje see Tom Greensmith” The Fifth Lelung Jedrung, Treasury of Lives . Photo credit: Lelung Dharma Centre Thanks to Adam Pearcey at Lotsawa House for his editing. Published: December 2020 BIBLIOGRAPHY Lelung Jedrung Zhepe Dorje (sle lung rje drung bzhad pa’i rdo rje). 1982. sbas yul pad+mo bkod du bgrod pa’i smon lam . In gsung ’bum/bzhad pa’i rdo rje , vol.7, 515–520. 大谷大学图书馆. 京都市. BDRC W1CZ2744 . Abstract A prayer to take rebirth in the hidden sanctuary of Pemakö, where obstacles such as sickness and conflict are scarce or nonexistent and favourable conditions may aid progress on the Dharma path. BDRC LINK W1CZ2744 DOWNLOAD TRANSLATION GO TO TRANSLATION LISTEN TO AUDIO 00:00 / 00:27 TRADITION Geluk | Nyingma INCARNATION LINE Lelung Jedrung HISTORICAL PERIOD 18th Century TEACHERS The Sixth Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso The Fifth Panchen Lama, Lobsang Yeshé Damchö Sangpo Mingyur Paldrön Chöje Lingpa Dönyö Khedrup The First Purchok, Ngawang Jampa Ngawang Chödrak Yeshé Gyatso Damchö Gyatso Losal Gyatso Lhündrup Gyatso Dungkar Tsangyang Drukdrak TRANSLATOR Tib Shelf INSTITUTIONS Lelung Monastery Mindroling Ngari Dratsang Chokhor Gyal Trandruk Potala Tsari STUDENTS Kunga Mingyur Dorj e Dorje Yom e Kunga Paldzom Lobsang Lhachok Dönyö Khedrub Polhané Sönam Tobgyé Ngawang Jampa Mingyur Paldrön The Fifth Dorje Drak Rigdzin, Kalzang Pema Wangchuk Lhasang Khan AUTHOR Lelung Zhepe Dorje An Aspiration to Travel to the Hidden Land of Pemokö VIEW ALL PUBLICATIONS NEXT PUBLICATION > < PREVIOUS PUBLICATION Home Publications Read Listen Watch People Information About Meet the Team Services Translators Terms of Use Privacy Policy Donate Subscribe to our newsletter Support Tib Shelf's ongoing work & Subscribe Today! 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The First Drugpa Zhabdrung's victory declaration of 1619, composed after defeating Tsang's ruler through ritual sorcery, helped establish Bhutan's identity while asserting his talismanic power. Sixteen Self-Assertions གོང་མས་ལུང་བསྟན་སྤྲུལ་པ་ང་། ། ང་ནི་ཀུན་གྱི་སྐྱབས་སུ་བཟང་། ། འཆད་པའི་ངག་གི་དབང་ཕྱུག་ང་། ། ང་ནི་ལེགས་བཤད་འབྱུང་ཁུངས་བཙུན། ། Forefathers’ foretold emanation is I— I am the magnificent refuge of all beings. The sovereign speech of exposition is I— I am the respected source of eloquent discourse. བདུད་དཔུང་འཇོམས་པའི་དཔའ་བོ་ང་། ། ང་ནི་འབྲུག་པར་བརྫུས་རྣམས་བཅོམ། ། རྩོད་པའི་མཐུ་སྟོབས་བདག་པོ་ང་། ། ང་ནི་ལྟ་ལོག་མཁན་སུན་འབྱིན། ། The hero who conquers demon hordes is I— I am the destroyer of the Drukpa’s imposters. The powerful master of debate is I— I am the repudiator of those with wrong views. མཐའ་བྲལ་ལྟ་བའི་བདག་པོ་ང་། ། ང་མདུན་མི་འདར་རྒོལ་བ་སུ། ། རྩོམ་པའི་དབྱངས་ཅན་གྲུབ་པ་ང་། ། ང་ནི་རིག་གནས་ཀུན་ལ་མཁས། ། The lord of the unlimited view is I— I am the one before whom all challengers tremble. Sarasvatī’s accomplished wordsmith is I— I am the learned scholar in all fields of knowledge. དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་བསྟན་འཛིན་ང་། ། ང་ནུས་བཟློག་པའི་མཐུ་ཆེན་སུ། ། ལུགས་གཉིས་འཁོར་ལོས་བསྒྱུར་བ་ང་། ། ང་ནི་འདྲ་མིན་སྤྲུལ་བའི་གཤེད། ། The Glorious Druk’s doctrine holder is I— I am almighty, no sorcerer can defeat me. The dual system’s [ 1 ] Wheel-wielding Monarch [ 2 ] is I— I am the enemy of diverse apparitions. ཕྱག་དམ་འདི་གཞུང་གི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་གལ་ཆེན་རིགས་དང་། གཞུང་གི་ཁྲ་དེབ་ཁག་ལ་ངེས་པར་དུ་ཕྱག་དམ་འདི་ཐེབས་ཡོད་ན་ཀུན་གྱིས་བརྩི་མཐོང་ཆེན་པོ་བྱ་དགོས་པ་སྔར་སྲོལ་གལ་གནད་ཅན་ཞིག་ཡིན། ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་རང་གིས་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བའི་རྟགས་མཚན་དུ་ཕྱག་དམ་ང་བཅུ་དྲུག་མ་འདི་མཛད་པ་ནས་བཟུང་སྟེ་འབྲུག་གཞུང་གི་མངའ་འབངས་ཆབ་སྲིད་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་ལ་ཕྱག་དམ་དེས་དབང་བསྒྱུར་ཆོག་པ་ཡིན། དེ་བཞིན་ད་ལྟ་ཡང་འབྲུག་གཞུང་གི་ (དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ) གཞུང་རྟགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ་འདི་ཡང་། ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེས་ང་བཅུ་དྲུག་མའི་དོན་བསྡུས་ཏེ་གཞུང་རྟགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ་ཡིན། དཔེར་ན། རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་རྟགས་སེངྒེ་མགོ་ལྔ་པ་ཅན་ལ་རྩིས་མཐོང་བྱ་དགོས་པ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ཨ་ཤོ་ཀའི་མཛད་རྗེས་མཚོན་པ་དང་འདྲ་བ་ཡིན། If this seal is visibly stamped onto the official documents of the government and important government orders, everyone will hold them in high regard because this tradition is of essential importance. Shabdrung Rinpoche (1594–1651) [ 3 ] composed this seal, "Sixteen Self-Assertions," as a symbol of the Complete Victor in all Regards. [ 4 ] Since then, this seal was permitted to exercise power over all citizens and political territory of the Bhutanese government. Accordingly, even today, the name of the Bhutanese government, “The Glorious Drukpa: The Victor in All Regards,” [ 5 ] is also established as an administrative symbol since it is the condensed meaning of Shabdrung Rinpoche’s "Sixteen Self-Assertions." Take, for example, the governmental symbol of India, the five-headed lion. The reason it is held in high regard is that it is the representation of the achievements of the Dharma King, Ashoka. This seal is comparable to that symbol. COLOPHON None NOTES [1] This is referring to the dual system of politics and religion. [2] A Wheel-wielding Monarch (cakravartin) is the de facto ruler of the entire universe, bring all under their control single-handedly. They tend to govern the world system in accordance with the spiritual and or universal law, the dharma. For more information, please refer to The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. [3] zhabs drung 01 ngag dbang rnam rgyal, BDRC P509 [4] phyogs las rnam par rgyal ba [5] dpal ldan 'brug pa phyogs las rnam rgyal Photo Credit: Kidekhar College of Buddhist Higher Learning Published: May 2021 BIBLIOGRAPHY Slob dpon gnag mdog. 1986. Nga bcu drug ma. In 'Brug dkar-po : 'brug rgyal-khab kyi chos-srid gnas-stangs, pp 94–95. Thurpaling Monastery Bumthang: Lopon Nado. Abstract The first rendition of the seal was written in 1619 by the First Drugpa Zhabdrung, Ngawang Namgyal, after seizing military victory over Puntsok Namgyal, the ruler of Tsang in Tibet. It is purported that Zhabdrung accomplished this triumph through his tantric powers of ritual sorcery. The lines translated here are in a different order in comparison to other editions. Nevertheless, this epic declaration not only helps to establish the emerging country of Bhutan but centralizes Zhabdrung's power in a talismanic nature. SOURCE DOWNLOAD TRANSLATION GO TO TRANSLATION LISTEN TO AUDIO 00:00 / 01:07 TRADITION Drugpa Kagyu INCARNATION LINE Zhabdrung Sungtrul HISTORICAL PERIOD 16th Century 17th Century TEACHERS Tenpe Nyima Lhawang Lodrö TRANSLATOR Tib Shelf INSTITUTION Ralung Monastery STUDENTS The First Drugje Khenpo Pekar Jungn e The Second Drugje Khenpo, Sönam Özer The Third Drugje Khenpo, Pekar Lhundrub The Fourth Drugje Khenpo, Damchö Pekar The Fifth Drugje Khenpo, Söpa Trinl e Ngawang Samten Söpa Pekar AUTHORS Drugpa Zhabdrung, Ngawang Namgyal & Lopön Nadok Sixteen Self-Assertions VIEW ALL PUBLICATIONS NEXT PUBLICATION > < PREVIOUS PUBLICATION Home Publications Read Listen Watch People Information About Meet the Team Services Translators Terms of Use Privacy Policy Donate Subscribe to our newsletter Support Tib Shelf's ongoing work & Subscribe Today! 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